We consider the interplay of the early dark energy (EDE) model, the swampland distance conjecture (SDC), and cosmological parameter tensions. EDE is a proposed resolution of the Hubble tension relying upon a near-Planckian scalar field excursion, while the SDC predicts an exponential sensitivity of masses of other fields to such an excursion, $m\propto e^{-c|\mathrm{\Delta }\varphi |/M_{\mathrm{pl}}}$ with $c\sim \mathcal{O}(1)$. Meanwhile, EDE is in tension with large-scale structure (LSS) data, due to shifts in the standard $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ cold dark matter parameters necessary to fit the cosmic microwave background. One might hope that a proper treatment of the model, e.g., accounting for the SDC, may ameliorate the tension with LSSs. Motivated by these considerations, we introduce the early dark sector (EDS) model, wherein the mass of dark matter is exponentially sensitive to super-Planckian field excursions of the EDE scalar. The EDS model exhibits new phenomenology in both the early and late Universe, the latter due to an EDE-mediated dark matter self-interaction, which manifests as an enhanced gravitational constant on small scales. This EDE-induced dark-matter-philic “fifth force,” while constrained to be small, remains active in the late Universe and is not screened in virialized halos. We find that the new interaction with dark matter partially resolves the LSS tension. However, the marginalized posteriors are nonetheless consistent with $f_{\mathrm{EDE}}=0$ at 95% CL once the Dark Energy Survey year 3 measurement of $S_8$ is included. We additionally study constraints on the model from Atacama Cosmology Telescope data and find a factor of 2 improvement on the error bar on the SDC parameter $c$, along with an increased preference for the EDE component. We discuss the implications of these constraints for the SDC and find the tightest observational constraints to date on a swampland parameter, suggesting that an EDE description of cosmological data is in tension with the SDC.

中文翻译：

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早期暗区、哈勃张力和沼泽地

我们考虑了早期暗能量 (EDE) 模型、沼泽地距离猜想 (SDC) 和宇宙学参数张力的相互作用。EDE 是哈勃张力的提议解决方案，依赖于近普朗克标量场偏移，而 SDC 预测其他场的质量对这种偏移的指数敏感性，$米\propto e^{-C|\mathrm{\Delta }\phi |/{米}_{请}}$和$C～\mathcal{○}(1)$. 同时，由于标准的变化，EDE 与大规模结构 (LSS) 数据处于紧张关系$\mathrm{\Lambda }$适合宇宙微波背景所需的冷暗物质参数。人们可能希望对模型进行适当的处​​理，例如考虑 SDC，可以缓解与 LSS 的紧张关系。出于这些考虑，我们引入了早期暗扇区 (EDS) 模型，其中暗物质的质量对 EDE 标量的超普朗克场偏移呈指数敏感。EDS 模型在早期和晚期宇宙中都表现出新的现象学，后者是由于 EDE 介导的暗物质自相互作用，表现为小尺度上增强的引力常数。这种由 EDE 引起的亲暗物质“第五力”虽然被限制在很小的范围内，但在宇宙晚期仍然活跃，并且没有在病毒化的光晕中被筛选。我们发现与暗物质的新相互作用部分解决了 LSS 的张力。$F_{\mathrm{EDE}}=0$在暗能量调查第 3 年测量的 95% CL${\mathrm{小号}}_8$已经包括了。我们还研究了来自 Atacama Cosmology Telescope 数据的模型约束，并发现 SDC 参数的误差条提高了 2 倍$C$，以及对 EDE 组件的偏好增加。我们讨论了这些约束对 SDC 的影响，并找到了迄今为​​止对沼泽地参数最严格的观测约束，这表明宇宙学数据的 EDE 描述与 SDC 存在矛盾。