Fibrosis is a common and debilitating pathological process that affects many organ systems and contributes to connective tissue disorders in orthopaedics. Tendons heal after acute and chronic injury through a process of fibrovascular scar tissue formation, and soft tissue joint capsules can be affected after traumatic joint injury, leading to arthrofibrosis. Although the precise underlying mechanisms are still being elucidated, fibrosis is thought to be a consequence of dysregulated immune and cytokine signaling that leads to myofibroblast activation and proliferation and subsequent excessive collagen deposition. Current treatments for connective tissue fibrosis include physical therapy and surgery, but there are no therapies that directly target the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis. Many pharmacological agents have been used to successfully target fibrosis in other tissues and organ systems and thus are a promising treatment option to fill this gap. However, limited evidence is available to guide the use of these agents in musculoskeletal connective tissues. This article provides an overview of pharmacological therapies that have potential to treat connective tissue fibrosis in patients with musculoskeletal conditions, along with the current supporting evidence and future uses of each therapy.

纤维化是一种常见且使人衰弱的病理过程，影响许多器官系统并导致骨科结缔组织疾病。急性和慢性损伤后，肌腱通过纤维血管疤痕组织形成的过程进行愈合，而软组织关节囊在关节外伤后会受到影响，导致关节纤维化。尽管确切的潜在机制仍有待阐明，但纤维化被认为是免疫和细胞因子信号传导失调的结果，导致肌成纤维细胞活化和增殖以及随后的胶原蛋白过度沉积。目前结缔组织纤维化的治疗方法包括物理治疗和手术，但没有直接针对纤维化的潜在细胞和分子机制的治疗方法。许多药物已被用来成功地靶向其他组织和器官系统的纤维化，因此是填补这一空白的有前途的治疗选择。然而，指导这些药物在肌肉骨骼结缔组织中使用的证据有限。本文概述了有可能治疗肌肉骨骼疾病患者结缔组织纤维化的药物疗法，以及每种疗法的当前支持证据和未来用途。