A 51-year-old woman presented with fever and loss of consciousness for 4 days. Images showed symmetrical lesions in bilateral cortex, limbic system, and basal ganglia (Figure). CSF analysis suggested viral infection. Next-generation sequencing identified 349 unique sequence reads for pseudorabies virus (PRV). She was diagnosed with PRV encephalitis. Epidemiologic survey revealed she was a pork dealer. PRV, also called Suid herpesvirus-1, primarily infects swine. It is reported that PRV can cause human infection through infected swine or pork.^1,2 This case suggests unexplained severe encephalitis with similar MRI, and a history of relevant exposure should consider the possibility of PRV infection.

一名 51 岁女性出现发热和意识丧失 4 天。图像显示双侧皮质、边缘系统和基底神经节对称病变（图）。脑脊液分析提示病毒感染。下一代测序确定了 349 个独特的伪狂犬病病毒 (PRV) 序列读数。她被诊断出患有 PRV 脑炎。流行病学调查显示她是一名猪肉贩子。PRV，也称为 Suid herpesvirus-1，主要感染猪。据报道，PRV可通过感染的猪或猪肉引起人类感染。^1,2该病例提示不明原因的重度脑炎，MRI 相似，相关暴露史应考虑 PRV 感染的可能性。