Jupiter is known to have a complex magnetosphere containing energetic (above 10s of keV) electrons, protons, and heavy ions. However, a global distribution of these energetic particles is not fully understood before the era of the polar-orbiting Juno mission. In this study, we focus on the energetic proton distribution at M < 50 by taking advantage of Juno's measurement covering various magnetic latitudes and M-shells, and find that energetic proton fluxes are higher off-equator than that near the equator at M > ∼20, and become comparable or lower at high latitudes than those near the equator at low M-shells. Pitch angle distributions of energetic protons are field-aligned, isotropic, and weak pancake-like from high to low M-shells. Proton phase space density shows a weak M-shell dependence at M > 30 and a large positive slope at M < 30, suggesting their potential source and loss processes.

中文翻译：

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使用朱诺观测的木星内磁层和中磁层中的高能质子分布

众所周知，木星有一个复杂的磁层，其中包含高能（超过 10 keV）电子、质子和重离子。然而，在极地轨道朱诺任务时代之前，这些高能粒子的全球分布还没有完全清楚。在这项研究中，我们 利用朱诺号测量覆盖各种磁纬度和M壳层的优势，关注M < 50 处的高能质子分布，并发现在M  > ∼时高能质子通量在赤道外高于赤道附近。 20，并且在高纬度地区变得与低M壳的赤道附近的那些相当或更低。高能质子的俯仰角分布从高到低呈场对齐、各向同性、弱煎饼状M-贝壳。质子相空间密度在 M > 30 时显示出较弱的M 壳层依赖性，在 M < 30时显示 出较大的正斜率 ，表明它们的潜在来源和损失过程。