The gap between the internationally agreed climate objectives and tangible emissions reductions looms large. We explore how the supreme decision-making body of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Conference of the Parties (COP), could develop to promote more effective climate policy. We argue that promoting implementation of climate action could benefit from focusing more on individual sectoral systems, particularly for mitigation. We consider five key governance functions of international institutions to discuss how the COP and the sessions it convenes could advance implementation of the Paris Agreement: guidance and signal, rules and standards, transparency and accountability, means of implementation, and knowledge and learning. In addition, we consider the role of the COP and its sessions as mega-events of global climate policy. We identify opportunities for promoting sectoral climate action across all five governance functions and for both the COP as a formal body and the COP sessions as conducive events. Harnessing these opportunities would require stronger involvement of national ministries in addition to the ministries of foreign affairs and environment that traditionally run the COP process, as well as stronger involvement of non-Party stakeholders within formal COP processes.

中文翻译：

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从制度建设到实施：利用联合国气候会议推动气候行动

国际商定的气候目标与切实减排之间的差距越来越大。我们探讨了联合国气候变化框架公约 (UNFCCC) 的最高决策机构缔约方会议 (COP) 如何制定以促进更有效的气候政策。我们认为，促进气候行动的实施可能受益于更多地关注单个部门系统，特别是在缓解方面。我们考虑了国际机构的五项关键治理职能，以讨论缔约方会议及其召开的会议如何推动《巴黎协定》的实施：指导和信号、规则和标准、透明度和问责制、实施方式以及知识和学习。此外，我们将 COP 及其会议的作用视为全球气候政策的重大事件。我们确定了在所有五个治理职能部门以及作为正式机构的 COP 和作为有利活动的 COP 会议促进部门气候行动的机会。要利用这些机会，除了传统上运行 COP 进程的外交部和环境部外，还需要国家部委的更多参与，以及非缔约方利益攸关方更多地参与正式的 COP 进程。