Natural genetic diversity in plant germplasm collections provides the genetic variability for crop improvement. To explore this natural genetic variability, over 8,800 accessions within the USDA cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm collection were evaluated for several seed quality traits including seed coat color, 100-seed weight, oil content, and fatty acid composition. After removing contaminated and/or mixed accessions, the remaining 8,466 accessions were used for further data analysis. The mean of 100-seed weight was 49.44 g with a wide range of 21.84 to 148.36 g (6.8-fold difference). Six accessions (PI 414995, PI 648234, PI 318740, PI 336978, PI 320059, and PI 578229) with 100-seed weight >110 g were identified. The mean of oil content was 48.94% with a range of 36.51 to 59.45% (1.6-fold difference). Seven accessions (PI 471949, PI 472001, PI 497369, PI 442739, PI 343423, PI 161298, and PI 668582) with oil content >58% were identified. The mean of oleic acid was 45.2% with a wide range of 39.99 to 82.08% (2.1-fold difference). The mean of linoleic acid was 32.56% with a wide range of 2.0 to 46.68% (23.3-fold difference). Thirty-seven accessions were identified with >65% oleic acid. Among them, PI 636472 and PI 596800 had the highest level of oleic acid (82.1 and 81.8%, respectively). Significant variation in these traits was also identified between subspecies and among botanical varieties. Some significantly positive and negative correlations among these traits were also determined. The results presented here will be useful for peanut breeders, geneticists, and other users.

中文翻译：

---

整个 USDA 栽培花生种质资源库中种皮颜色、重量、含油量和脂肪酸组成变异性的评估

植物种质资源库中的自然遗传多样性为作物改良提供了遗传变异性。为了探索这种自然遗传变异性，美国农业部栽培花生 ( Arachis hypogaea ) 中的 8,800 多个样本L.) 收集的种质资源评估了几种种子质量性状，包括种皮颜色、百粒重、含油量和脂肪酸组成。在去除受污染和/或混合的种质后，剩余的 8,466 种种质用于进一步的数据分析。100 粒种子重量的平均值为 49.44 克，范围很宽，为 21.84 至 148.36 克（6.8 倍差异）。鉴定了 6 个种质（PI 414995、PI 648234、PI 318740、PI 336978、PI 320059 和 PI 578229），其 100 粒种子重量 > 110 g。含油量的平均值为 48.94%，范围为 36.51% 至 59.45%（1.6 倍差异）。鉴定出含油量 >58% 的七个种质（PI 471949、PI 472001、PI 497369、PI 442739、PI 343423、PI 161298 和 PI 668582）。油酸的平均值为 45.2%，范围很宽，为 39.99% 至 82.08%（2.1 倍差异）。亚油酸的平均值为 32.56%，范围很宽，为 2.0% 至 46.68%（相差 23.3 倍）。37 个种质被鉴定为具有 >65% 的油酸。其中，PI 636472和PI 596800的油酸含量最高（分别为82.1%和81.8%）。在亚种和植物品种之间也发现了这些性状的显着差异。还确定了这些特征之间的一些显着正相关和负相关。此处呈现的结果将对花生育种者、遗传学家和其他用户有用。在亚种和植物品种之间也发现了这些性状的显着差异。还确定了这些特征之间的一些显着正相关和负相关。此处呈现的结果将对花生育种者、遗传学家和其他用户有用。在亚种和植物品种之间也发现了这些性状的显着差异。还确定了这些特征之间的一些显着正相关和负相关。此处呈现的结果将对花生育种者、遗传学家和其他用户有用。