The removal of emerging organic micropollutants (OMPs) in anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) has garnered considerable attention owing to the rapid development of AnMBR technology and the increased environmental risk caused by OMP discharge. We investigated the removal efficiency of 22 typical OMPs from sewage being treated in an AnMBR, and implemented and evaluated an upgrading strategy by adding biochar. The average removal efficiency of OMPs was only 76.8% due to hydrophilic OMPs containing electron-withdrawing groups (ketoprofen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, and carbamazepine) being poorly removed. Biochar addition (5.0 g/L) promoted the removal of recalcitrant OMPs by 45%, leading to an enhanced removal efficiency of 88.7%. Although biochar has a high adsorption capacity to different OMPs, the biotransformation rather than sorption removal efficiency of 13 of the 22 OMPs was largely enhanced, suggesting that adsorption-biotransformation was the main approach by which biochar enhances the OMP removal. Biotransformation test and microbial analysis revealed that the enrichment of species (Flavobacterium, Massilia, Acinetobacter, and Cloacibacterium) involved in OMP biotransformation on biochar contributed largely to the enhanced biotransformation removal efficiency of OMPs. In this way, the enhanced electron transfer activity and syntrophic metabolism between hydrogenotrophic methanogens and species that oxidize acetate to H₂/CO₂ on biochar jointly contributed to the stable CH₄ production and OMP biotransformation. This study provides a promising strategy to enhance the OMP removal in AnMBRs and improves our understanding of the underlying mechanism of biochar-amended OMP removal in anaerobic treatment systems.

由于 AnMBR 技术的快速发展和 OMP 排放引起的环境风险增加，厌氧膜生物反应器 (AnMBR) 中新兴有机微污染物 (OMP) 的去除引起了相当大的关注。我们调查了 AnMBR 处理的污水中 22 种典型 OMP 的去除效率，并通过添加生物炭实施和评估升级策略。由于含有吸电子基团的亲水性OMPs（酮洛芬、布洛芬、双氯芬酸和卡马西平）去除效果不佳，OMPs的平均去除效率仅为76.8%。添加生物炭 (5.0 g/L) 后，顽固性 OMPs 的去除率提高了 45%，去除效率提高了 88.7%。尽管生物炭对不同的 OMPs 具有很高的吸附能力，22 种 OMPs 中的 13 种的生物转化效率而非吸附去除效率大大提高，表明吸附-生物转化是生物炭增强 OMP 去除的主要途径。生物转化试验和微生物分析表明，物种的富集（参与生物炭上 OMP 生物转化的Flavobacterium, Massilia, Acinetobacter和Cloacibacterium ) 对提高 OMPs 的生物转化去除效率有很大贡献。这样，氢营养型产甲烷菌和将生物炭上的乙酸盐氧化为 H ₂ /CO ₂的物种之间增强的电子转移活性和互养代谢共同促进了稳定的 CH ₄生产和 OMP 生物转化。这项研究提供了一种有前途的策略来增强 AnMBR 中的 OMP 去除率，并提高了我们对厌氧处理系统中生物炭改良 OMP 去除的潜在机制的理解。