The present study investigated seasonal and spatial characteristics of the trends in surface air temperature (SAT) over Central Asia during 1979–2018 and the relative contributions of dynamic and thermodynamic effects using a dynamical adjustment methodology. Regional averaged total SAT shows the largest rising rate in spring and its trend is not obvious in winter. The thermodynamically effect induces a widespread warming trend in most of Central Asia in all the four seasons. The dynamically induced SAT trends exhibit obvious seasonal and regional differences. Both dynamic and thermodynamic effects play a crucial role in the total SAT increasing trend in spring, the thermodynamic effect is predominantly responsible for SAT warming and the dynamic effect has a secondary contribution in summer, the rising temperature in autumn is attributed to the thermodynamic effect and the dynamic effect has a negative but insignificant contribution, and the total SAT trend in winter is small due to opposite contributions of thermodynamic and dynamic effects. Further analysis revealed that the changes in the Scandinavia pattern (SCAND) during 1979–2018 are likely the cause of dynamically induced temperature trends in spring, autumn and winter. The dynamical component of summer SAT trends over eastern Central Asia is contributed by the interdecadal transition of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). Those climate modes contribute to SAT variations via their effects on wind-induced temperature advection and surface heat fluxes.

本研究调查了 1979-2018 年中亚地表气温 (SAT) 趋势的季节和空间特征，以及使用动力调整方法的动力和热力学效应的相对贡献。区域平均总SAT在春季上升幅度最大，冬季上升趋势不明显。热力学效应导致中亚大部分地区在所有四个季节都出现普遍变暖趋势。动态诱导的 SAT 趋势表现出明显的季节性和区域差异。动力和热力学效应在春季总SAT增加趋势中起着至关重要的作用，热力学效应是SAT变暖的主要原因，而动力效应在夏季起次要作用，秋季气温升高归因于热力学效应，动力效应负贡献但不显着，冬季总SAT趋势小，热力学效应和动力效应贡献相反。进一步分析表明，1979-2018 年斯堪的纳维亚模式 (SCAND) 的变化可能是春季、秋季和冬季动态诱发温度趋势的原因。中亚东部夏季 SAT 趋势的动力成分是由大西洋多年代际振荡 (AMO) 和太平洋年代际振荡 (PDO) 的年代际转变贡献的。这些气候模式通过对风引起的温度平流和地表热通量的影响而导致 SAT 的变化。