Vineyards are a very important perennial woody crop globally, but they are also among the most intensively managed agroecosystems. This has resulted in biologically impoverished and highly eroded vineyards. Environmentally-friendly inter-row vegetation management, particularly the use of cover crops, could contribute to avoid erosion and regenerate soil biodiversity in vineyards. In this study, we updated a global meta-analysis on the effects of inter-row extensive vegetation cover management, particularly through the use of cover crops, on ecosystem services, including supporting, regulating and provisioning services, and biodiversity in vineyards. We also analyzed the role of environmental variables (climate, including precipitation- and temperature-related bioclimatic variables and soil properties, including pH and texture) and irrigation in modulating these effects. The presence of extensive vegetation cover consistently increased biodiversity, as well as supporting ecosystem services in irrigated vineyards and regulating services in rainfed vineyards. Provisioning services, which were evaluated as grape yield, were slightly negatively affected in rainfed vineyards, but not in irrigated ones. The effects of vegetation cover on ecosystem services varied depending on the climate and edaphic characteristics of vineyards. For example, supporting ecosystem services were favored in acidic soils and were also positively related to the precipitation of the wettest quarter, whereas regulating services were particularly enhanced in alkaline soils and in locations with lower temperatures of the wettest quarter. Biodiversity was especially favored in locations with lower precipitation seasonality. Taken together, our study indicates the importance of developing strategies for the adaptive management of extensive vegetation covers tailored to the climatic and edaphic conditions of each vineyard. This adaptive management, combined with irrigation and potentially other locally-tailored adaptive strategies, could also contribute to further mitigate potential negative effects of vegetation cover on grape production while maximizing other ecosystem services such as provisioning and supporting services and biodiversity.

葡萄园是全球非常重要的多年生木本作物，但它们也是管理最集中的农业生态系统之一。这导致了生物贫困和高度侵蚀的葡萄园。环境友好的行间植被管理，特别是使用覆盖作物，有助于避免侵蚀和恢复葡萄园的土壤生物多样性。在这项研究中，我们更新了关于行间广泛植被覆盖管理（特别是通过使用覆盖作物）对生态系统服务（包括支持、调节和供应服务）以及葡萄园生物多样性的影响的全球荟萃分析。我们还分析了环境变量的作用（气候，包括与降水和温度相关的生物气候变量和土壤特性，包括 pH 值和质地）和灌溉调节这些效果。广泛的植被覆盖不断增加生物多样性，并支持灌溉葡萄园的生态系统服务和雨养葡萄园的调节服务。以葡萄产量评估的供应服务在雨育葡萄园受到轻微负面影响，但在灌溉葡萄园中则没有。植被覆盖对生态系统服务的影响因葡萄园的气候和土壤特征而异。例如，支持生态系统服务在酸性土壤中受到青睐，并且与最湿季的降水呈正相关，而在碱性土壤和最湿季温度较低的地区，调节服务尤其得到增强。在降水季节性较低的地区，生物多样性尤其受到青睐。综上所述，我们的研究表明，制定适合每个葡萄园气候和土壤条件的广泛植被覆盖的适应性管理策略的重要性。这种适应性管理与灌溉和其他可能因地制宜的适应性策略相结合，还有助于进一步减轻植被覆盖对葡萄生产的潜在负面影响，同时最大限度地提高其他生态系统服务，如供应和支持服务以及生物多样性。