Biochar as an environmentally friendly soil amendment, has attracted widespread attention and in combination with other amendments is considered to be more conducive to crop growth, soil fertility, and crop safety production. However, a comprehensive understanding of the differences among different biochars, biochar with inorganic amendment, and biochar with organic amendment with respect to soil health, plant growth, and Cd bioavailability or phytoavailability is necessary. Therefore, a sixty-day pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of five biochars derived from rice husk (RH), pig manure (PM), sewage sludge (SS), corn straw (CS), and wood chip (WC) and their respective combination with lime or compost on cadmium (Cd) immobilization and adsorption as well as physicochemical features and enzyme activities in contaminated soil. The results revealed that the sole application of PM, SS, and CS biochars had a positive impact on lettuce growth and photosynthetic pigments. In addition, mixing PM or SS biochar with compost further promoted lettuce growth due to higher soil fertility and enzyme activities. However, as compared to unamended soil, CS biochar-compost combination, RH, PM, SS, and CS biochar-lime combination highly reduced lettuce plant height and fresh weight. Furthermore, the application of amendments with biochar-lime mixtures greatly reduced Cd bioavailability. X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared spectra revealed that Cd immobilization mainly involved complexation and co-precipitation on mineral surfaces as well as hydroxyl or carboxyl functional groups in amendments. In comparison to a single application and biochar-lime combination, the biochar-compost combinations i.e RH, PM, SS, and WC were more effective in lowering Cd translocation and bioaccumulation in lettuce.

生物炭作为一种环境友好型土壤改良剂，受到广泛关注，与其他改良剂结合使用被认为更有利于作物生长、土壤肥力和作物安全生产。但是，有必要全面了解不同生物炭、无机改性生物炭和有机改性生物炭在土壤健康、植物生长和 Cd 生物有效性或植物有效性方面的差异。因此，进行了为期 60 天的盆栽实验，以研究从稻壳(RH)、猪粪 (PM)、污水污泥中提取的五种生物炭的效果。(SS)、玉米秸秆 (CS) 和木屑 (WC) 以及它们各自与石灰或堆肥的组合对镉 (Cd) 的固定和吸附以及污染土壤中的理化特征和酶活性。结果表明，单独施用 PM、SS 和 CS 生物炭对生菜生长和光合色素有积极影响。此外，由于较高的土壤肥力和酶活性，将 PM 或 SS 生物炭与堆肥混合进一步促进了生菜的生长。然而，与未改良的土壤相比，CS 生物炭-堆肥组合、RH、PM、SS 和 CS 生物炭-石灰组合显着降低了莴苣的株高和鲜重。此外，使用生物炭-石灰混合物进行改良会大大降低 Cd 的生物利用度。X射线衍射分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱显示，Cd 的固定主要涉及矿物表面的络合和共沉淀以及改性剂中的羟基或羧基官能团。与单一施用和生物炭-石灰组合相比，生物炭-堆肥组合即 RH、PM、SS 和 WC 在降低生菜中 Cd 易位和生物积累方面更有效。