This work comparatively studied the different stress responses of anaerobic hydrogen-producing granular sludge (HPG) to several typical MPs in wastewater, i.e., polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) MPs. A new approach to mitigating the inhibition caused by MPs based on biochar was then proposed. The results displayed that microbe in HPG had diverse tolerances to PE-MPs, PET-MPs and PVC-MPs, with the hydrogen production downgraded to 82.0 ± 3.2 %, 72.3 ± 2.5 % and 66.6 ± 2.3 % (p < 0.05) of control respectively, due to the distinct leachates toxicities and oxidative stress level induced by different MPs. The discrepant mitigation reflected in the hydrogen yields of biochar-based HPGs raised back to 88.7 ± 1.4 %, 85.3 ± 3.8 % and 88.5 ± 3.5 % of control. The MPs induced disintegrated granule morphology, fragile microbial viability and impaired defensive function of extracellular polymeric substances were restored by biochar. The effective mitigation was revealed to be due to the strong adsorption of MPs by biochar, reducing direct contact between microbes and MPs. Biochar addition also enhanced protection for HPG by increasing EPS secretion and weakened the oxidative damage to anaerobes induced by MPs. Biochar manifested the disparate adsorption properties of three MPs. The most superior mitigation in HPG contaminated by PVC-MPs was attributed to the strongest affinity of biochar to PVC-MPs and effective alleviation of PVC leachates toxicity.

这项工作比较研究了厌氧产氢颗粒污泥（HPG）对废水中几种典型MPs，即聚乙烯（PE）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）和聚氯乙烯（PVC）MPs的不同应力响应。然后提出了一种基于生物炭减轻 MPs 引起的抑制的新方法。结果表明，HPG中的微生物对PE-MPs、PET-MPs和PVC-MPs具有不同的耐受性，产氢量下降到82.0±3.2%、72.3±2.5%和66.6±2.3%（p < 0.05) 的控制，由于不同的 MPs 诱导的不同的渗滤液毒性和氧化应激水平。差异缓解反映在基于生物炭的 HPG 的氢气产量上，分别提高到对照的 88.7 ± 1.4 %、85.3 ± 3.8 % 和 88.5 ± 3.5 %。生物炭可恢复 MPs 诱导的崩解颗粒形态、脆弱的微生物活力和受损的细胞外聚合物防御功能。发现有效的缓解是由于生物炭对 MPs 的强烈吸附，减少了微生物与 MPs 之间的直接接触。添加生物炭还通过增加 EPS 分泌增强了对 HPG 的保护，并减弱了 MPs 对厌氧菌的氧化损伤。Biochar 表现出三种 MPs 的不同吸附特性。