Calciphylaxis is a life-threatening complication most often associated with chronic kidney disease that occurs as a result of the deposition of calcium in dermal and adipose microvasculature. However, this condition may also be seen in patients with acute kidney injury. The high morbidity and mortality rates associated with calciphylaxis highlight the importance to correctly diagnose and treat this condition. However, calciphylaxis remains a diagnosis that may be clinically challenging to make. Here, we review the literature on uremic calciphylaxis with a focus on its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, advances in diagnostic tools, and treatment strategies. We also discuss the unique histopathological features of calciphylaxis and contrast it with those of other forms of general vessel calcification. This review emphasizes the need for multidisciplinary collaboration including nephrology, dermatology, and palliative care to ultimately provide the best possible care to patients with calciphylaxis.

钙化防御是一种危及生命的并发症，最常与慢性肾病相关，慢性肾病是由于钙沉积在真皮和脂肪微血管系统中而发生的。然而，这种情况也可能见于急性肾损伤患者。与钙化防御相关的高发病率和死亡率突出了正确诊断和治疗这种情况的重要性。然而，钙化防御仍然是一种可能在临床上难以做出的诊断。在这里，我们回顾了有关尿毒症钙化防御的文献，重点关注其病理生理学、临床表现、诊断工具的进展和治疗策略。我们还讨论了钙化防御的独特组织病理学特征，并将其与其他形式的一般血管钙化进行对比。