Abstract

The diversity of the Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous punctate rhynchonellids of Transcaucasia is revised, and various possible reasons for the origin of punctation are considered. It appeared in different superfamilies of the order Rhynchonellida as a result of adaptation to the oxygen depletion towards the sea bottom. The first punctate rhynchonellids appeared in Transcaucasia after the Frasnian-Famennian ecosystem crisis. These are Greira transcaucasica Erlanger, 1993 and Sharovaella mirabilis Pakhnevich, 2012, found in the sediments of the Cyrtospirifer asiaticus–Mesoplica meisteri Zone of the Lower Famennian. Most of the punctate rhynchonellids settled along the northern coast of Gondwana. Only species of the genus Araratella Abramian, Plodowski and Sartenaer, 1975 are known to have inhabited the seas along the southern coast of Laurussia. Of the Transcaucasian species, only Tchanakhtchirostrum araraticum (Abramian, 1957) continued to exist into the Early Carboniferous, but soon became extinct.

中文翻译：

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外高加索的点状泥盆纪和石炭纪早期喙足类动物（腕足类）

摘要

修正了外高加索晚泥盆世和早石炭世点状喙头动物的多样性，并考虑了点状起源的各种可能原因。由于适应了向海底的氧气消耗，它出现在Rhynchonellida目的不同超科中。Frasnian-Famennian 生态系统危机后，第一批点状鼻涕虫出现在外高加索地区。这些是Greira transcaucasica Erlanger，1993 年和Sharovaella mirabilis Pakhnevich，2012 年，发现于下法门阶的Cyrtospirifer asiaticus – Mesoplica meisteri带的沉积物中。大多数点状的鼻科动物栖息在冈瓦纳北部海岸。仅属的物种Araratella Abramian、Plodowski 和 Sartenaer，1975 年已知居住在劳俄罗斯南部海岸的海域。在外高加索物种中，只有Tchanakhtchirostrum araraticum (Abramian, 1957) 继续存在到早石炭世，但很快就灭绝了。