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State subsidized reinsurance programs: Impacts on efficiency, premiums, and expenses of the U.S. health insurance markets
European Journal of Operational Research ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2022.08.005
Derrick W.H. Fung , Pengyu Wei , Charles C. Yang

In the U.S., states are allowed to apply for the Affordable Care Act section 1332 waiver to explore innovative strategies in providing quality and affordable health insurance. Most approved waivers seek to establish state subsidized reinsurance programs, which help offset potential losses of high-cost enrollees in individual markets. State subsidized reinsurance programs are expected to reduce premiums, but may induce moral hazard and adverse selection issues. In response, this research examines state reinsurance programs’ impacts on premiums, expenses, and efficiency in individual and other major health insurance markets. We use the non-oriented slacks-based efficiency model and the entropy-balancing difference-in-differences regression model. We pool all the states with reinsurance programs and use insurer-level data and a rich set of predictors for our outcome variables. We find that, overall, state reinsurance programs reduce premiums and do not decrease consumer efficiency in individual markets. However, their impacts are differential across states, with no significant effects in at least half of the states. We find mixed effects on expenses and medical utilization efficiency in individual markets, and there are no significant spillover effects in other major health insurance markets. This research informs the public and provides insights for the U.S. individual health insurance operations in implementing, regulating, and evaluating state reinsurance programs and refining premium benchmarking.



中文翻译:

国家补贴再保险计划:对美国健康保险市场效率、保费和费用的影响

在美国,各州可以申请《平价医疗法案》第 1332 条的豁免,以探索提供优质且负担得起的健康保险的创新策略。大多数批准的豁免寻求建立国家补贴的再保险计划,这有助于抵消个别市场高成本参保人的潜在损失。国家补贴的再保险计划有望降低保费,但可能会引发道德风险和逆向选择问题。作为回应,本研究考察了州再保险计划对个人和其他主要健康保险市场的保费、费用和效率的影响。我们使用基于无向松弛的效率模型和熵平衡差异回归模型。我们将所有州的再保险计划汇集在一起​​,并使用保险公司级别的数据和一组丰富的结果变量预测变量。我们发现,总体而言,州再保险计划会降低保费,但不会降低个别市场的消费者效率。然而,它们的影响在各州之间是不同的,至少在一半的州没有显着影响。我们发现对个别市场的费用和医疗利用效率的影响是混合的,并且在其他主要健康保险市场没有显着的溢出效应。这项研究向公众提供信息,并为美国个人健康保险业务在实施、监管和评估州再保险计划以及完善保费基准方面提供见解。州再保险计划降低了保费,但并未降低个别市场的消费者效率。然而,它们的影响在各州之间是不同的,至少在一半的州没有显着影响。我们发现对个别市场的费用和医疗利用效率的影响是混合的,并且在其他主要健康保险市场没有显着的溢出效应。这项研究向公众提供信息,并为美国个人健康保险业务在实施、监管和评估州再保险计划以及完善保费基准方面提供见解。州再保险计划降低了保费,但并未降低个别市场的消费者效率。然而,它们的影响在各州之间是不同的,至少在一半的州没有显着影响。我们发现对个别市场的费用和医疗利用效率的影响是混合的,并且在其他主要健康保险市场没有显着的溢出效应。这项研究向公众提供信息,并为美国个人健康保险业务在实施、监管和评估州再保险计划以及完善保费基准方面提供见解。我们发现对个别市场的费用和医疗利用效率的影响是混合的,并且在其他主要健康保险市场没有显着的溢出效应。这项研究向公众提供信息,并为美国个人健康保险业务在实施、监管和评估州再保险计划以及完善保费基准方面提供见解。我们发现对个别市场的费用和医疗利用效率的影响是混合的,并且在其他主要健康保险市场没有显着的溢出效应。这项研究向公众提供信息,并为美国个人健康保险业务在实施、监管和评估州再保险计划以及完善保费基准方面提供见解。

更新日期:2022-08-12
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