Using laminar or turbulent flow equations indiscriminately to describe groundwater flows in fracture networks may result in large errors. We propose a new method for simulating steady-state groundwater flows in two- and three-dimensional fracture networks by separating laminar flows and turbulent flows in individual fractures. Poiseuille's law is employed when the flow is laminar, while Swamee and Jain formula is utilized when the flow is turbulent. The model results are first compared to recently measured field groundwater flow data in a mining tunnel network. The effect of hydraulic gradient, aperture, fracture width in the third dimension, and fracture density is then examined. Using the laminar flow equation indiscriminately in all fractures overestimates groundwater flowrates, whereas using the turbulent flow equation underestimates them. The aperture contrast of large and small fractures has a significant impact on the potential errors of indiscriminately applying the laminar or turbulent flow equation and the flowrate difference between the three-dimensional and two-dimensional fracture networks. Total groundwater flowrates increase with fracture density in both three-dimensional and two-dimensional fracture networks, with the largest increase occurring when additional fractures are introduced parallel to the hydraulic gradient. The new approach may be utilized to estimate hydraulic head distribution and groundwater flowrate according to the crack patterns and geometric properties of the fractured rock.

不加区别地使用层流或湍流方程来描述裂缝网络中的地下水流可能会导致很大的误差。我们提出了一种通过分离单个裂缝中的层流和湍流来模拟二维和三维裂缝网络中稳态地下水流的新方法。当流动是层流时使用泊肃叶定律，而当流动是湍流时使用斯瓦米和耆那公式。首先将模型结果与采矿隧道网络中最近测量的现场地下水流量数据进行比较。然后检查水力梯度、孔径、三维裂缝宽度和裂缝密度的影响。在所有裂缝中不加选择地使用层流方程会高估地下水流量，而使用湍流方程会低估它们。大小裂缝孔径对比对乱应用层流或湍流方程的潜在误差以及三维和二维裂缝网络的流量差异有显着影响。在三维和二维裂缝网络中，总地下水流量随着裂缝密度的增加而增加，其中最大的增加发生在平行于水力梯度引入额外裂缝时。新方法可用于根据裂缝模式和破裂岩石的几何特性估计水头分布和地下水流量。