Insect herbivores drive sex allocation in angiosperm flowers,Ecology Letters

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Insect herbivores drive sex allocation in angiosperm flowers
Ecology Letters ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 , DOI: 10.1111/ele.14092
Carlos Roberto Fonseca ₁ , Martin M Gossner _{2,

3,

4} , Johannes Kollmann ₅ , Martin Brändle ₆ , Gustavo Brant Paterno _{1,

5}

Affiliation

Why sex has evolved and is maintained is an open question in evolutionary biology. The Red Queen hypothesis predicts that host lineages subjected to more intense parasite pressure should invest more in sexual reproduction to continuously create novel defences against their rapidly evolving natural enemies. In this comparative study across the angiosperms, we show that hermaphrodite plant species associated with higher species richness of insect herbivores evolved flowers with higher biomass allocation towards the male sex, an indication of their greater outcrossing effort. This pattern remained robust after controlling for key vegetative, reproductive and biogeographical traits, suggesting that long-term herbivory pressure is a key factor driving the selfing–outcrossing gradient of higher plants. Although flower evolution is frequently associated with mutualistic pollinators, our findings support the Red Queen hypothesis and suggest that insect herbivores drive the sexual strategies of flowering plants and their genetic diversity.

中文翻译：

昆虫食草动物驱动被子植物花的性别分配

为什么性会进化并得以维持是进化生物学中的一个悬而未决的问题。红皇后假说预测，受到更强烈寄生虫压力的宿主谱系应该更多地投资于有性生殖，以不断创造新的防御机制来抵御它们迅速进化的天敌。在这项跨被子植物的比较研究中，我们表明与昆虫食草动物的更高物种丰富度相关的雌雄同体植物物种进化出具有更高生物量分配给雄性的花朵，这表明它们更大的异交努力。在控制了关键的营养、生殖和生物地理特征后，这种模式仍然很稳定，这表明长期的食草压力是推动高等植物自交-异交梯度的关键因素。

更新日期：2022-08-11

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