The prevalence of microplastics (MPs) in global aquatic environments has received considerable attention. Currently, concerns have been raised regarding reports that the adverse effect of MPs on aquatic animals in the exposure phase may not be (completely) reversed in the depuration phase. In order to provide insights into the legacy effect of MPs from the depuration phase, this study evaluated the kinetic characteristics and recovery potential of aquatic animals after the exposure to MPs. More specifically, a total of 68 depuration kinetic curves were highly fitted to estimate the retention time of MPs. It was shown that the retention time ranged from 1.26 to 3.01 days, corresponding to the egestion of 90 % to 99 % of ingested MPs. The retention time decreased with the increased retention rate. Furthermore, variables potentially affecting the retention time were ranked by the decision tree-based eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, suggesting that the particle size and tested species were of great importance for explaining the difference in retention time of MPs. Moreover, a biomarker profile was recompiled to determine the toxic changes. Results indicated that the MPs-induced toxicity significantly reduced in the depuration phase, evidenced by the recovery of energy reserves and metabolism, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, hematological parameters, neurotoxicity and oxidative stress. However, the continuous detoxification and remarkable genotoxicity implied that the toxicity was not completely alleviated. In addition, the current knowledge gaps are also highlighted, with recommendations proposed for future research.

全球水生环境中微塑料（MP）的普遍存在受到了广泛关注。目前，有报道称 MP 在暴露阶段对水生动物的不利影响在净化阶段可能无法（完全）逆转，这一点引起了人们的关注。为了深入了解净化阶段 MP 的遗留影响，本研究评估了水生动物接触 MP 后的动力学特征和恢复潜力。更具体地说，总共 68 条净化动力学曲线高度拟合来估计 MP 的保留时间。结果表明，保留时间范围为 1.26 至 3.01 天，相当于摄入 MP 的 90% 至 99%。保留时间随着保留率的增加而减少。此外，通过基于决策树的 eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) 算法对可能影响保留时间的变量进行了排序，这表明粒径和测试物种对于解释 MP 保留时间的差异非常重要。此外，重新编译了生物标志物概况以确定毒性变化。结果表明，MPs 引起的毒性在净化阶段显着降低，表现为能量储备和代谢、肝毒性、免疫毒性、血液学参数、神经毒性和氧化应激的恢复。然而，持续的解毒和显着的遗传毒性意味着毒性并未完全减轻。此外，还强调了当前的知识差距，并为未来的研究提出了建议。