In modern society, plastics also play an indispensable role in people's lives due to their various excellent properties. However, when these plastic products are discarded after being used, after being subjected to external influences, they will continue to be worn, damaged and degraded into micro- and nano-scale plastics, which are microplastics and nanoplastics (M/NPs). Although people's attention has been paid to M/NPs at present, the focus is still mainly on the detection and hazard of M/NPs, and how to remove M/NPs is relatively less popular. This review was written in order to draw the attention of more researchers to remove M/NPs. This review first briefly introduces the research background of M/NPs, and also shows the main analytical methods currently used for qualitative and quantitative M/NPs. Then, most of the current literature on the removal of M/NPs was collected, and they were classified, summarized, and introduced according to the classification of physical, physicochemical, and biological methods. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods are summarized, and they are also compared, which can help more researchers choose the appropriate method for research. In addition, the application scenarios of these methods are briefly introduced. Finally, some future research directions are proposed for the current research status of M/NPs removal. It is hoped that this will further promote the development on the method of removing M/NPs.

在现代社会中，塑料也因其各种优良的性能而在人们的生活中发挥着不可或缺的作用。然而，当这些塑料制品在使用后被丢弃时，在受到外界影响后，会继续被磨损、损坏并降解为微米级和纳米级的塑料，即微塑料和纳米塑料（M/NPs）。虽然目前人们对M/NPs的关注度已经很高，但重点仍主要集中在M/NPs的检测和危害上，而如何去除M/NPs则相对较少。写这篇评论是为了引起更多研究人员的注意来去除 M/NPs。本综述首先简要介绍了 M/NPs 的研究背景，并介绍了目前用于定性和定量 M/NPs 的主要分析方法。然后，收集了目前大部分关于M/NPs去除的文献，并按照物理、物理化学、生物学方法的分类进行了分类、总结和介绍。总结了各种方法的优缺点，并进行了比较，可以帮助更多的研究人员选择合适的方法进行研究。此外，简要介绍了这些方法的应用场景。最后针对M/NPs去除的研究现状提出了一些未来的研究方向。希望这将进一步促进去除M/NPs方法的发展。总结了各种方法的优缺点，并进行了比较，可以帮助更多的研究人员选择合适的方法进行研究。此外，简要介绍了这些方法的应用场景。最后针对M/NPs去除的研究现状提出了一些未来的研究方向。希望这将进一步促进去除M/NPs方法的发展。总结了各种方法的优缺点，并进行了比较，可以帮助更多的研究人员选择合适的方法进行研究。此外，简要介绍了这些方法的应用场景。最后针对M/NPs去除的研究现状提出了一些未来的研究方向。希望这将进一步促进去除M/NPs方法的发展。