During adulthood, we spend most of our time and efforts at work. However, the impact of employment in aging is poorly explored. Our study addressed how job demands can affect aging after retirement. We have developed a descriptive observational study carried out in 367 older adults with a mean age of 73.9 years (66.5% women and 33.5% men), measuring cognition and functional status. Our results demonstrate that older adults who had high mental demands in their jobs, show better scores in cognition. However, they show poor functional development of basic and instrumental activities of daily life (p< .05). In contrast, former workers who had high physical demands, display lower scores in cognition and lower functional performance in instrumental activities (p< .05). Work life activities contribute to cognitive and physical decline after retirement. Therefore, healthy aging should include interventions that consider the job influence on the age impairment.

在成年期，我们大部分时间和精力都花在了工作上。然而，就业对老龄化的影响却鲜有探讨。我们的研究探讨了工作需求如何影响退休后的衰老。我们对 367 名平均年龄为 73.9 岁（66.5% 女性和 33.5% 男性）的老年人开展了一项描述性观察研究，测量认知和功能状态。我们的结果表明，在工作中对精神要求较高的老年人在认知方面表现出更好的成绩。然而，他们表现出日常生活的基本活动和工具活动的功能发育较差 (p< .05)。相比之下，体力要求高的前工人在认知方面得分较低，在工具活动中的功能表现也较低 (p<.05)。工作生活活动导致退休后的认知和身体下降。因此，健康老龄化应该包括考虑工作对年龄损伤的影响的干预措施。