Measuring the statistical correlations of individual quantum objects provides an excellent way to study complex quantum systems. Ultracold molecules represent a powerful platform for quantum simulation¹ and quantum computation² due to their rich and controllable internal degrees of freedom. However, the detection of correlations between single molecules in an ultracold gas has yet to be demonstrated. Here we observe the Hanbury Brown–Twiss effect—the emergence of bunching correlations of indistinguishable particles collected by separate detectors—in a gas of bosonic ²³Na⁸⁷Rb Feshbach molecules, enabled by the realization of a molecular quantum gas microscope. We detect the characteristic bunching correlations in the density fluctuations of a two-dimensional molecular gas released from and subsequently recaptured in an optical lattice. The quantum gas microscope allows us to extract the positions of individual molecules with single-site resolution. As a result, we obtain a two-molecule interference pattern with high visibility. Although these measured correlations purely arise from the quantum statistics of the molecules, the demonstrated imaging capabilities open the way for site-resolved studies of interacting molecular gases in optical lattices.

测量单个量子对象的统计相关性为研究复杂的量子系统提供了一种极好的方法。超冷分子因其丰富且可控的内部自由度而代表了量子模拟¹和量子计算^{2的强大平台。}然而，检测超冷气体中单个分子之间的相关性尚未得到证实。在这里，我们观察到 Hanbury Brown-Twiss 效应——在玻色子²³ Na ^{87气体中，由单独的探测器收集的无法区分的粒子出现聚束相关性}Rb Feshbach 分子，通过实现分子量子气体显微镜实现。我们检测了从光学晶格中释放并随后在光学晶格中重新捕获的二维分子气体的密度波动中的特征聚束相关性。量子气体显微镜使我们能够以单点分辨率提取单个分子的位置。结果，我们获得了具有高可见度的两分子干涉图案。尽管这些测量的相关性纯粹来自分子的量子统计，但所展示的成像能力为光学晶格中相互作用的分子气体的位点分辨研究开辟了道路。