The interface effects of quark matter play important roles in the properties of compact stars and small nuggets, such as strangelets and nonstrange quark matter ($ud\mathrm{QM}$) nuggets. By introducing a density derivative term to the Lagrangian density and adopting Thomas-Fermi approximation, we find it is possible to reproduce the results obtained by solving Dirac equations. Adopting certain parameter sets, the energy per baryon of $ud\mathrm{QM}$ nuggets decreases with baryon number $A$ and become more stable than nuclei at $A\gtrsim 300$. The effects of quark matter symmetry energy are examined, where $ud\mathrm{QM}$ nuggets at $A\approx 1000$ can be more stable than others if large symmetry energy is adopted. In such cases, larger $ud\mathrm{QM}$ nuggets will decay via fission and the surface of a $ud\mathrm{QM}$ star will fragment into a crust made of $ud\mathrm{QM}$ nuggets and electrons, which resembles the cases of a strange star’s crust. The corresponding microscopic structures are then investigated adopting spherical and cylindrical approximations for the Wigner-Seitz cells, where the droplet phase is found to be the most stable configuration with $ud\mathrm{QM}$ stars’ crusts and $ud\mathrm{QM}$ dwarfs made of $ud\mathrm{QM}$ nuggets ($A\approx 1000$) and electrons. For the cases considered here, the crust thickness of $ud\mathrm{QM}$ stars is typically $\sim 200\mathrm{m}$, which reaches a few kilometers if we neglect the interface effects and adopt Gibbs construction. The masses and radii of $ud\mathrm{QM}$ dwarfs are smaller than typical white dwarfs, which would increase if the interface effects are neglected.

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夸克物质的界面效应：轻夸克金块和致密星

夸克物质的界面效应在致密恒星和小金块的性质中起着重要作用，例如奇异子和非奇异夸克物质（$你d\mathrm{质量管理}$) 掘金。通过在拉格朗日密度中引入密度导数项并采用 Thomas-Fermi 近似，我们发现可以重现通过求解 Dirac 方程获得的结果。采用一定的参数集，每个重子的能量为$你d\mathrm{质量管理}$掘金随重子数减少$\mathrm{一个}$并变得比原子核更稳定$\mathrm{一个}\gtrsim 300$. 检查夸克物质对称能量的影响，其中$你d\mathrm{质量管理}$掘金在$\mathrm{一个}\approx 1000$如果采用大的对称能量，则可以比其他更稳定。在这种情况下，较大$你d\mathrm{质量管理}$金块会通过裂变和表面衰变$你d\mathrm{质量管理}$恒星会碎裂成外壳$你d\mathrm{质量管理}$金块和电子，类似于奇怪恒星外壳的情况。然后采用 Wigner-Seitz 电池的球形和圆柱形近似来研究相应的微观结构，其中发现液滴相是最稳定的配置$你d\mathrm{质量管理}$星星的外壳和$你d\mathrm{质量管理}$小矮人由$你d\mathrm{质量管理}$掘金（$\mathrm{一个}\approx 1000$) 和电子。对于这里考虑的情况，地壳厚度为$你d\mathrm{质量管理}$星星通常是$～200\mathrm{米}$，如果我们忽略界面效应并采用 Gibbs 构造，则可以达到几公里。质量和半径$你d\mathrm{质量管理}$矮星比典型的白矮星小，如果忽略界面效应，白矮星会增加。