Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of potentially preventable blindness in preterm infants worldwide. It is a disease caused by abnormal retinal vascularization that, if not detected and treated in a timely manner, can lead to retinal detachment and severe long term vision impairment. Neonatologists and pediatricians have an important role in the prevention, detection, and management of ROP. Geographic differences in the epidemiology of ROP have been seen globally over the last several decades because of regional differences in neonatal care. Our understanding of the pathophysiology, risk factors, prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of ROP have also evolved over the years. New technological advances are now allowing for the incorporation of telemedicine and artificial intelligence in the management of ROP. In this comprehensive update, we provide a comprehensive review of pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis, global screening, and treatment of ROP. Key historical milestones as well as touching upon the very recent updates to the ROP classification system and technological advances in the field of artificial intelligence and ROP will also be discussed.

中文翻译：

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早产儿视网膜病变：全球视角和近期发展。

早产儿视网膜病变 (ROP) 是全球早产儿潜在可预防失明的重要原因。它是一种由视网膜血管形成异常引起的疾病，如果不及时发现和治疗，可导致视网膜脱离和严重的长期视力损害。新生儿科医生和儿科医生在 ROP 的预防、检测和管理中发挥着重要作用。由于新生儿护理的区域差异，在过去的几十年中，全球范围内 ROP 流行病学的地理差异已经显现。多年来，我们对 ROP 的病理生理学、危险因素、预防、筛查、诊断和治疗的理解也在不断发展。新的技术进步现在允许将远程医疗和人工智能纳入 ROP 管理。在本次全面更新中，我们对 ROP 的病理生理学、分类、诊断、全球筛查和治疗进行了全面回顾。还将讨论关键的历史里程碑以及 ROP 分类系统的最新更新以及人工智能和 ROP 领域的技术进步。