It is widely known that the aging process induces relevant impairments on both muscle morphology and function. In this sense, resistance training alongside proper protein intake are important strategies to mitigate the sarcopenia process in older individuals. However, adding protein supplementation (PS) to resistance training interventions for enhancing muscle strength and functional performance has shown mixed results in this population. Therefore, the present study aimed to review the most recent evidence regarding PS and its effects on muscle strength and functional parameters of older adults. In addition, the effect size of each individual study (post–pre intervention) was also calculated to provide further clinical relevance on the topic. The results of the studies included do not seem to support PS for healthy older adults with proper protein intake. However, further studies with other sample characteristics (very old, frail, obese, and inadequate protein consumption) must be carried out to better understand the effects of PS in an older population.

众所周知，衰老过程会导致肌肉形态和功能的相关损伤。从这个意义上说，阻力训练和适当的蛋白质摄入是减轻老年人肌肉减少症过程的重要策略。然而，将蛋白质补充剂 (PS) 添加到阻力训练干预中以增强肌肉力量和功能表现在该人群中显示出不同的结果。因此，本研究旨在回顾有关 PS 及其对老年人肌肉力量和功能参数影响的最新证据。此外，还计算了每个单独研究（干预后）的影响大小，以提供与该主题的进一步临床相关性。所包含的研究结果似乎不支持蛋白质摄入适当的健康老年人的 PS。然而，必须对其他样本特征（非常年老、虚弱、肥胖和蛋白质消耗不足）进行进一步研究，以更好地了解 PS 对老年人群的影响。