Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by a proliferation of histiocytic cells resembling dendritic Langerhans cells. LCH can be unifocal or multifocal, with one- or many-organ involvement. The serous fluids are rarely involved. Cytological diagnosis of LCH is possible and relies on recognition of the typical cytomorphological features and subsequent immunocytochemical confirmation. Given the possibility of multisystem involvement, after diagnosing LCH it is necessary to carry out staging exams such as a bone survey, abdominal ultrasound, complete blood count, screening for diabetes insipidus and pulmonary function tests. We present the first case of LCH where the diagnosis was reached on cytological material from the cerebrospinal fluid. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such case reported in the international literature to date. The morphological and immunocytochemical characteristics of our case are described, and the relevant literature is reviewed

中文翻译：

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脑脊液细胞学检查诊断朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症一例报告

朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增多症 (LCH) 是一种病因不明的疾病，其特征是类似于树突状朗格汉斯细胞的组织细胞增殖。LCH 可以是单灶性或多灶性的，累及一个或多个器官。很少涉及浆液。LCH 的细胞学诊断是可能的，并且依赖于对典型细胞形态学特征的识别和随后的免疫细胞化学确认。鉴于多系统受累的可能性，在诊断出 LCH 后，有必要进行分期检查，例如骨骼检查、腹部超声、全血细胞计数、尿崩症筛查和肺功能检查。我们介绍了第一例 LCH，根据脑脊液的细胞学材料做出诊断。据我们所知，这是迄今为止国际文献中首次报道此类案例。描述了我们病例的形态学和免疫细胞化学特征，并复习了相关文献