Comprehensive Survey of 14 Benzophenone UV Filters in Sunscreen Products Marketed in the United States: Implications for Human Exposure,Environmental Science & Technology

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Comprehensive Survey of 14 Benzophenone UV Filters in Sunscreen Products Marketed in the United States: Implications for Human Exposure
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03885
Zhong-Min Li _{1,

2} , Kurunthachalam Kannan _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Benzophenone (BP)-type ultraviolet (UV) filters are estrogenic chemicals used extensively in sunscreen products, leading to concerns over human exposure. To assess exposure to BP derivatives in sunscreens, we tested 14 BP UV filters in 50 products representing 44 brands marketed in the United States in 2021, finding BP, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3 or oxybenzone), 2,2′-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-8), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4′-methylbenzophenone (BP-10), 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone (2,3,4-OH-BP), and 4-methylbenzophenone (4-Me-BP) in ≥70% of the samples. The geometric mean (GM) concentration of the sum of these BPs (∑₁₄BPs) in the 50 products was 6600 ng/g. BP-3 was the predominant BP in oxybenzone-containing products (accounting for >99% of the total concentration), with a concentration 5–6 orders of magnitude higher than that in “oxybenzone-free” products (GM: 35 600 000 vs 113 ng/g). BP was present in >90% of products analyzed, including those labeled “oxybenzone-free” (GM: 2100 ng/g). BP concentrations were ∼100-fold higher in octocrylene-containing vs “octocrylene-free” products (GM: 15900 vs 151 ng/g). Dermal exposure doses of BP-3 from oxybenzone-containing products (GM: 4140 000 ng/kg body weight (BW)/day) and of BP in some (24%) octocrylene-containing products (GM: 12 200 ng/kg BW/day) were above reference values (2 000 000 and 30 000 ng/kg BW/day for BP-3 and BP, respectively). This study provides evidence that BP and BP-3 concentrations in sunscreen products vary widely and may be noteworthy even in products labeled oxybenzone- or octocrylene-free, making dermal exposure a continuing concern.

中文翻译：

美国上市防晒产品中 14 种二苯甲酮紫外线过滤剂的综合调查：对人体暴露的影响

二苯甲酮 (BP) 型紫外线 (UV) 过滤剂是广泛用于防晒产品的雌激素化学物质，导致对人体暴露的担忧。为了评估防晒霜中 BP 衍生物的暴露情况，我们测试了 2021 年在美国销售的代表 44 个品牌的 50 种产品中的 14 种 BP 紫外线过滤剂，发现 BP、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮（BP-3 或氧苯酮）、2,2 '-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮（BP-8），2-羟基-4-甲氧基-4'-甲基二苯甲酮（BP-10），2,3,4-三羟基二苯甲酮（2,3,4-OH-BP）， ≥70% 的样品中含有 4-甲基二苯甲酮 (4-Me-BP)。这些 BP 总和的几何平均 (GM) 浓度 (∑ ₁₄50 种产品中的 BPs) 为 6600 ng/g。BP-3 是含氧苯酮产品中的主要 BP（占总浓度的 >99%），浓度比“不含氧苯酮”产品高 5-6 个数量级（GM：35 600 000 vs 113 纳克/克）。BP 存在于 >90% 的分析产品中，包括标有“不含氧苯酮”的产品（GM：2100 ng/g）。含有奥克立林的产品与“不含奥克立林”的产品相比，BP 浓度高出 100 倍（GM：15900 对 151 ng/g）。含有氧苯酮的产品中 BP-3 的皮肤暴露剂量（GM：4140 000 ng/kg 体重（BW）/天）和一些（24%）含奥克立林产品中的 BP（GM：12 200 ng/kg BW） /天）高于参考值（BP-3 和 BP 分别为 2 000 000 和 30 000 ng/kg BW/天）。

更新日期：2022-08-11

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