Rapid, accurate, and sensitive insulin detection is crucial for managing and treating diabetes. A simple sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor is engineered using gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-adhered metal–organic framework-derived copper–zinc hollow porous carbon nanocubes (Au@Cu₅Zn₈/HPCNC) and AuNP-deposited nitrogen-doped holey graphene (NHG) are used as a dual functional label and sensing platform. The results show that identical morphology and size of Au@Cu₅Zn₈/HPCNC enhance the electrocatalytic active sites, conductivity, and surface area to immobilize the detection antibodies (Ab₂). In addition, AuNP/NHG has the requisite biocompatibility and electrical conductivity, which facilitates electron transport and increases the surface area of the capture antibody (Ab₁). Significantly, Cu₅Zn₈/HPCNC exhibits necessary catalytic activity and sensitivity for the electrochemical reduction of H₂O₂ using (i–t) amperometry and improves the electrochemical response in differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimal conditions, the immunosensor for insulin demonstrates a wide linear range with a low detection limit and viable specificity, stability, and reproducibility. The platform's practicality is evaluated by detecting insulin in human serum samples. All these characteristics indicate that the Cu₅Zn₈/HPCNC-based biosensing strategy may be used for the point-of-care assay of diverse biomarkers.

中文翻译：

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基于Au附着Cu5Zn8空心多孔碳纳米立方体和AuNP沉积氮掺杂空心石墨烯的三明治型电化学免疫传感器

快速、准确和灵敏的胰岛素检测对于管理和治疗糖尿病至关重要。_{使用金纳米颗粒（AuNP）-附着金属-有机框架衍生的铜-锌中空多孔碳纳米立方体（Au@Cu 5} Zn ₈ /HPCNC）和AuNP沉积的氮掺杂多孔石墨烯设计了一种简单的夹层型电化学免疫传感器（ NHG）被用作双功能标签和传感平台。结果表明，相同形态和尺寸的 Au@Cu ₅ Zn ₈ /HPCNC 增强了电催化活性位点、电导率和表面积以固定检测抗体（Ab ₂）。_{此外，AuNP/NHG 具有必要的生物相容性和导电性，可促进电子传输并增加捕获抗体 (Ab 1} )的表面积。值得注意的是，Cu ₅ Zn _{8 /} HPCNC对于使用( _i – t) 电流法并改善了差分脉冲伏安法中的电化学响应。在最佳条件下，胰岛素免疫传感器具有较宽的线性范围，具有低检测限和可行的特异性、稳定性和重现性。该平台的实用性通过检测人体血清样本中的胰岛素来评估。所有这些特征表明，基于 Cu ₅ Zn ₈ /HPCNC 的生物传感策略可用于各种生物标志物的即时检测。