Background

Trauma survivors are at a high risk of developing mental health problems. Hence, mental help in the form of emergency psychology has to be availed in the aftermath of a traumatizing event. When studied in-depth, emergency psychology comprises protocols, strategies, and techniques that establish it as an interventional activity.

Objective

The main of this review is to analyze how emergency psychology services are provided to people, to verify to what extent these interventions are homogeneous in the delivery methods and consequently, facilitate the creation of relevant measures. Consequently, the general view of emergency psychology is reviewed and analyzed to identify the protocols, guidelines, and strategies used.

Methods

A search was done on the ScienceDirect, APA PsycINFO, Emerald, and Scopus databases for articles published from 1st January 2017 to 1st April 2022. The reference lists of the identified studies were also screened.

Results

After the non-duplicate articles were removed and after filtering the articles according to inclusion criteria, 20 articles were included for the thematic analysis: nine research articles, 10 case study reports, and one randomized controlled trial (RCT). During the analysis, different aspects of emergency psychology were categorized: Responders, Crisis Management and Structure, and types of psychological interventions. This categorization led to the identification of protocols, guidelines, and strategies that can be placed in a sequence to give a general direction of how an emergency psychology intervention is supposed to be carried out.

Conclusions

The adopted protocols, guidelines and strategies may vary from one disaster management to another but the main goal will always remain the same.

中文翻译：

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在紧急情况下使用紧急心理学的协议和策略：系统评价

背景

创伤幸存者患心理健康问题的风险很高。因此，在创伤性事件发生后，必须使用紧急心理学形式的心理帮助。当深入研究时，应急心理学包括将其确立为干预活动的协议、策略和技术。

客观的

本综述的主要内容是分析如何向人们提供紧急心理服务，以验证这些干预措施在交付方法中的同质性程度，从而促进相关措施的制定。因此，对紧急心理学的一般观点进行了回顾和分析，以确定所使用的协议、指南和策略。

方法

在 ScienceDirect、APA PsycINFO、Emerald 和 Scopus 数据库中搜索了 2017 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 4 月 1 日发表的文章。还筛选了已确定研究的参考列表。

结果

去除非重复文章并根据纳入标准过滤文章后，共纳入20篇文章进行主题分析：9篇研究文章、10篇案例研究报告和1篇随机对照试验（RCT）。在分析过程中，对应急心理学的不同方面进行了分类：响应者、危机管理和结构以及心理干预的类型。这种分类导致了协议、指南和策略的识别，这些协议、指南和策略可以按顺序排列，以给出应该如何进行紧急心理学干预的总体方向。

结论

所采用的协议、指南和策略可能因一种灾害管理而异，但主要目标将始终保持不变。