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Soft, Pressure-Tolerant, Flexible Electronic Sensors for Sensing under Harsh Environments
ACS Sensors ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 , DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01059 Yi Li 1 , Guangfu Wu 2, 3 , Gyuho Song 1 , Shao-Hao Lu 1 , Zizheng Wang 1 , He Sun 2, 3 , Yi Zhang 2, 3 , Xueju Wang 1, 3
ACS Sensors ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 , DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01059 Yi Li 1 , Guangfu Wu 2, 3 , Gyuho Song 1 , Shao-Hao Lu 1 , Zizheng Wang 1 , He Sun 2, 3 , Yi Zhang 2, 3 , Xueju Wang 1, 3
Affiliation
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Energy-efficient, miniaturized electronic ocean sensors for monitoring and recording various environmental parameters remain a challenge because conventional ocean sensors require high-pressure chambers and seals to survive the large hydrostatic pressure and harsh ocean environment, which usually entail a high-power supply and large size of the sensor system. Herein, we introduce soft, pressure-tolerant, flexible electronic sensors that can operate under large hydrostatic pressure and salinity environments, thereby eliminating the need for pressure chambers and reducing the power consumption and sensor size. Using resistive temperature and conductivity (salinity) sensors as an example for demonstration, the soft sensors are made of lithographically patterned metal thin films (100 nm) encapsulated with soft oil-infused elastomers and tested in a customized pressure vessel with well-controlled pressure and temperature conditions. The resistance of the temperature and pressure sensors increases linearly with a temperature range of 5–38 °C and salinity levels of 30–40 Practical Salinity Unit (PSU), respectively, relevant for this application. Pressure (up to 15 MPa) has shown a negligible effect on the performance of the temperature and salinity sensors, demonstrating their large pressure-tolerance capability. In addition, both temperature and salinity sensors have exhibited excellent cyclic loading behaviors with negligible hysteresis. Encapsulated with our developed soft oil-infused elastomer (PDMS, poly(dimethylsiloxane)), the sensor has shown excellent performance under a 35 PSU salinity water environment for more than 7 months. The soft, pressure-tolerant and noninvasive electronic sensors reported here are suitable for integration with many platforms including animal tags, profiling floats, diving equipment, and physiological monitoring.
中文翻译：
用于恶劣环境下传感的柔软、耐压、灵活的电子传感器
用于监测和记录各种环境参数的节能、微型电子海洋传感器仍然是一个挑战，因为传统的海洋传感器需要高压室和密封件来承受巨大的静水压力和恶劣的海洋环境，这通常需要高功率供应和大传感器系统的大小。在这里，我们介绍了柔软、耐压、灵活的电子传感器，它们可以在大静水压力和盐度环境下工作，从而消除了对压力室的需要，减少了功耗和传感器尺寸。以电阻式温度和电导率（盐度）传感器为例进行演示，软传感器由光刻图案金属薄膜 (100 nm) 制成，并封装有柔软的注油弹性体，并在压力和温度条件控制良好的定制压力容器中进行测试。温度和压力传感器的电阻分别随着 5–38 °C 的温度范围和 30–40 实用盐度单位 (PSU) 的盐度水平线性增加，与此应用相关。压力（高达 15 MPa）对温度和盐度传感器的性能影响可以忽略不计，证明了它们具有很大的耐压能力。此外，温度和盐度传感器都表现出出色的循环加载行为，滞后可忽略不计。用我们开发的软注油弹性体（PDMS，聚（二甲基硅氧烷））封装，该传感器在 7 个多月的 35 PSU 盐度水环境下表现出出色的性能。此处报道的柔软、耐压和非侵入式电子传感器适合与许多平台集成，包括动物标签、剖面漂浮物、潜水设备和生理监测。
更新日期：2022-08-11
中文翻译：
用于恶劣环境下传感的柔软、耐压、灵活的电子传感器
用于监测和记录各种环境参数的节能、微型电子海洋传感器仍然是一个挑战，因为传统的海洋传感器需要高压室和密封件来承受巨大的静水压力和恶劣的海洋环境，这通常需要高功率供应和大传感器系统的大小。在这里，我们介绍了柔软、耐压、灵活的电子传感器，它们可以在大静水压力和盐度环境下工作，从而消除了对压力室的需要，减少了功耗和传感器尺寸。以电阻式温度和电导率（盐度）传感器为例进行演示，软传感器由光刻图案金属薄膜 (100 nm) 制成，并封装有柔软的注油弹性体，并在压力和温度条件控制良好的定制压力容器中进行测试。温度和压力传感器的电阻分别随着 5–38 °C 的温度范围和 30–40 实用盐度单位 (PSU) 的盐度水平线性增加，与此应用相关。压力（高达 15 MPa）对温度和盐度传感器的性能影响可以忽略不计，证明了它们具有很大的耐压能力。此外，温度和盐度传感器都表现出出色的循环加载行为，滞后可忽略不计。用我们开发的软注油弹性体（PDMS，聚（二甲基硅氧烷））封装，该传感器在 7 个多月的 35 PSU 盐度水环境下表现出出色的性能。此处报道的柔软、耐压和非侵入式电子传感器适合与许多平台集成，包括动物标签、剖面漂浮物、潜水设备和生理监测。
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