Taking sustainable agriculture measures is critical to effectively cope with the effect of the increasing population on water shortage. Straw mulching and reduced tillage are the most successful measures adopted in arid and semi-arid regions which affect crop production by changing the crop environment. This review focuses on the effects of tillage and mulching on the soil environment, including soil organic matter, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activity, soil fertility, soil carbon emissions, pests, weeds, and soil erosion. In addition, water use efficiency and crop production are discussed under different tillage measures. Straw mulching can increase soil organic matter content, adjust soil moisture, and prevent water loss and drought; however, it can also lead to an increase in pests and diseases, and change the structure of the soil microbial community. Straw mulching can significantly enhance WUE (water use effectively) and yield. Reducing tillage maintains soil integrity, which is conducive to soil and water conservation, but could negatively impact crop yield and WUE. Precise field management measures, taken according to crop varieties and local conditions, not only ensure the high yield of crops but also protect the environment.

中文翻译：

---

秸秆覆盖和减耕对作物生产和环境的影响：综述

采取可持续农业措施对于有效应对人口增长对水资源短缺的影响至关重要。秸秆覆盖和减耕是干旱和半干旱地区通过改变作物环境影响作物生产的最成功的措施。本综述重点关注耕作和覆盖对土壤环境的影响，包括土壤有机质、土壤水分、土壤温度、土壤微生物、土壤酶活性、土壤肥力、土壤碳排放、害虫、杂草和土壤侵蚀。此外，还讨论了不同耕作措施下的水分利用效率和作物产量。秸秆覆盖可增加土壤有机质含量，调节土壤墒情，防止水分流失和干旱；然而，它也可能导致病虫害增加，并改变土壤微生物群落结构。秸秆覆盖可显着提高 WUE（有效用水）和产量。减少耕作可保持土壤完整性，有利于水土保持，但可能对作物产量和 WUE 产生负面影响。因地制宜、因地制宜的精准田间管理措施，既保证了作物的高产，又保护了环境。