In previous in-situ measurements of metro trains it has been found that the velocity level on the track or tunnel wall may vary significantly between different train passages, even though the measuring section, the type of trains and the track and tunnel conditions are identical. An investigation is carried out into the sources of this variability, using a 3D train-track numerical model. This is built using the software SIMPACK and ABAQUS, and is connected through one-way coupling to a finite element model of the tunnel and soil. These models are used to study the influence of various train parameters, including the wheel and rail unevenness, train speed and degree of train loading. For comparison, in-situ measurements were made of the dynamic response of the rail and tunnel wall. The rail roughness at the site as well as the wheel unevenness of all 48 wheels for one train were measured. The results from the model indicate that the wheel unevenness affects the rail velocity level in the frequency region between 25 and 250 Hz and tunnel wall vibration above 5 Hz. The rail velocity level can vary by up to 20 dB due to wheel unevenness, with the largest variations occurring in the frequency bands 50–63 Hz. Variations in passenger loading affect the train-induced vibration by up to 4.5 dB, mainly in the low frequency region. When the train speed varies within a range of ±20% relative to the nominal speed 60 km/h, the frequencies of the peaks are shifted and the level in some frequency bands can change by as much as 10 dB. However, the largest influence is that of the wheel unevenness. It is concluded that the variation in these parameters, especially the wheel and rail unevenness, should be considered to achieve reliable predictions of train-induced vibration.

在以往的地铁列车现场测量中，发现不同列车通道之间的轨道或隧道壁上的速度水平可能会有很大差异，即使测量部分、列车类型以及轨道和隧道条件相同。使用 3D 列车轨道数值模型对这种可变性的来源进行了调查。这是使用软件 SIMPACK 和 ABAQUS 构建的，并通过单向耦合连接到隧道和土壤的有限元模型。这些模型用于研究各种列车参数的影响，包括轮轨不平度、列车速度和列车装载程度。为了比较，对铁路和隧道壁的动态响应进行了现场测量。测量了现场的钢轨粗糙度以及一列列车所有48个车轮的车轮不平整度。模型结果表明，车轮不平整度会影响 25 至 250 Hz 频率范围内的轨道速度水平以及 5 Hz 以上的隧道壁振动。由于车轮不平整，轨道速度水平可能会发生高达 20 dB 的变化，其中最大的变化发生在 50-63 Hz 的频带中。乘客载荷的变化对列车引起的振动的影响高达 4.5 dB，主要在低频区域。当列车速度相对于标称速度 60 km/h 在±20% 的范围内变化时，峰值频率会发生偏移，某些频段的电平变化可能高达 10 dB。然而，最大的影响是车轮不平整。