A total of 1007 samples (910 fecal droplets and 97 cloacal swabs) were collected from 14 species of migratory wild birds in most wetlands during 3 successive migration seasons from September to March (2015–2018) in Southern Egypt. The samples were propagated in embryonated chicken eggs and positive allantoic fluids by hemagglutination test were tested for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV) prevalence using RT-PCR and specific primers targeting the NDV fusion (F) and AIV matrix genes. Further subtyping of the AIV hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) was conducted, and representative isolates were selected and sequenced for full F gene of NDVs and HA and NA genes of the AIV. Overall isolation rate of hemagglutinating viruses was 5.56% (56/1007), from them 5.36% (3/56) AIV, 85.71% (48/56) NDV and 8.93% (5/56) co-infection of NDV and AIV was detected. The sequences analysis of full F genes of 10 NDV isolates revealed that they have multi-basic amino acid motifs ¹¹¹E/GRRQKR/F¹¹⁷ as velogenic strains with nucleotides and amino acids similarities of 96–100%. In addition, they phylogenetically clustered into groups and subgroups within genotype VII.1.1 and sub-genotype VIIj with a close relation to NDVs isolated from chickens in Egypt. The AIV H5N8 subtype was in clade 2.3.4.4b with a highly pathogenic nature and close relation to Egyptian domesticated H5N8 viruses rather than those from wild birds. The current data showed the contribution of migratory birds to the continuous circulation of virulent NDV and AIV H5N8 among domesticated chickens in Southern Egypt.

在埃及南部 9 月至 3 月（2015 年至 2018 年）连续 3 个迁徙季节，从大多数湿地的 14 种候鸟中采集了 1007 个样本（910 个粪便飞沫和 97 个泄殖腔拭子）。样品在鸡胚中繁殖，血凝试验阳性尿囊液使用 RT-PCR 和针对 NDV 融合 (F) 和 AIV 基质基因的特异性引物测试新城疫病毒 (NDV) 和禽流感病毒 (AIV) 流行率. 对 AIV 血凝素 (HA) 和神经氨酸酶 (NA) 进行了进一步的亚型分析，并针对 NDV 的全 F 基因和 AIV 的 HA 和 NA 基因选择并测序了代表性分离株。血凝病毒总分离率为 5.56%（56/1007），其中 AIV 为 5.36%（3/56），NDV 为 85.71%（48/56），NDV 为 8。检测到 93% (5/56) 的 NDV 和 AIV 合并感染。10个NDV分离株的全F基因序列分析表明它们具有多碱基氨基酸基序¹¹¹ E/GRRQKR/F ¹¹⁷作为速发菌株，核苷酸和氨基酸相似性为 96-100%。此外，它们在基因型 VII.1.1 和亚基因型 VIIj 内的系统发育上聚集成组和亚组，与从埃及鸡中分离的 NDV 密切相关。AIV H5N8 亚型属于进化枝 2.3.4.4b，具有高致病性，与埃及驯化的 H5N8 病毒密切相关，而不是来自野生鸟类的病毒。目前的数据显示候鸟对埃及南部家养鸡中毒性 NDV 和 AIV H5N8 的持续传播的贡献。