Research suggests that muscle power is a more critical determinant of physical functioning in older adults than muscle strength. The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature on the effect of power training compared to strength training in older adults on tests for muscle power, two groups of activity-based tests under controlled conditions: generic tests and tests with an emphasis on movement speed, and finally, physical activity level in daily life. A systematic search for randomized controlled trials comparing effects of power training to strength training in older adults was performed in PubMed, Embase, Ebsco/CINAHL, Ebsco/SPORTDiscus, Wiley/Cochrane Library and Scopus. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool, and quality of evidence was evaluated using GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool. Standardized mean differenences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for outcomes separately using a random effects model. Fifteen trials and 583 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Results indicated a statistically significant benefit of power training on all reported outcomes (muscle power SMD: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.54 to 1.44, p < 0.001; generic activity-based tests SMD: 0.37, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.68; p = 0.02, activity-based tests emphasizing movement speed SMD: 0.43, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.62, p < 0.001). None of the included studies used physical activity level in daily life as outcome. Power training offers more potential for improving muscle power and performance on activity tests in older adults compared to strength training. Future research should assess exercise parameters for power training in older adults. In addition, the validity and reliability of the tests used must be evaluated to establish a standardized test protocol. This protocol should also include measurements of physical activity in daily life.

中文翻译：

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与老年人力量训练相比，力量训练的有效性：系统评价和荟萃分析

研究表明，肌肉力量是老年人身体机能的一个比肌肉力量更重要的决定因素。本研究的目的是系统地回顾关于力量训练与力量训练对老年人肌肉力量测试的影响的文献，在受控条件下的两组基于活动的测试：通用测试和强调运动的测试速度，最后是日常生活中的身体活动水平。在 PubMed、Embase、Ebsco/CINAHL、Ebsco/SPORTDiscus、Wiley/Cochrane 图书馆和 Scopus 中对比较老年人力量训练与力量训练效果的随机对照试验进行了系统搜索。使用 Cochrane 协作工具评估偏倚风险，使用 GRADEpro 指南开发工具评估证据质量。使用随机效应模型分别计算结果的标准化平均差 (SMD) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。荟萃分析包括 15 项试验和 583 名参与者。结果表明，力量训练对所有报告的结果都有统计学意义的益处（肌肉力量 SMD：0.99，95% CI：0.54 至 1.44，p < 0.001；基于通用活动的测试 SMD：0.37，95% CI 0.06 至 0.68；p = 0.02，强调运动速度 SMD 的基于活动的测试：0.43，95% CI 0.23 至 0.62，p < 0.001）。纳入的研究均未使用日常生活中的体力活动水平作为结果。与力量训练相比，力量训练在提高老年人活动测试中的肌肉力量和表现方面提供了更大的潜力。未来的研究应该评估老年人力量训练的运动参数。此外，必须评估所用测试的有效性和可靠性，以建立标准化的测试协议。该协议还应包括日常生活中身体活动的测量。