Primates, represented by 521 species, are distributed across 91 countries primarily in the Neotropic, Afrotropic, and Indo-Malayan realms. Primates inhabit a wide range of habitats and play critical roles in sustaining healthy ecosystems that benefit human and nonhuman communities. Approximately 68% of primate species are threatened with extinction because of global pressures to convert their habitats for agricultural production and the extraction of natural resources. Here, we review the scientific literature and conduct a spatial analysis to assess the significance of Indigenous Peoples’ lands in safeguarding primate biodiversity. We found that Indigenous Peoples’ lands account for 30% of the primate range, and 71% of primate species inhabit these lands. As their range on these lands increases, primate species are less likely to be classified as threatened or have declining populations. Safeguarding Indigenous Peoples’ lands, languages, and cultures represents our greatest chance to prevent the extinction of the world’s primates.

中文翻译：

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土著人民、他们的土地和知识系统对拯救世界灵长类动物免于灭绝的全球重要性

灵长类动物有 521 种，分布在 91 个国家，主要分布在新热带、非洲热带和印度-马来亚地区。灵长类动物栖息在广泛的栖息地，在维持有益于人类和非人类社区的健康生态系统方面发挥着关键作用。由于全球压力将其栖息地转变为农业生产和自然资源开采，大约 68% 的灵长类物种面临灭绝的威胁。在这里，我们回顾科学文献并进行空间分析，以评估土著人民的土地在保护灵长类动物生物多样性方面的重要性。我们发现土著居民的土地占灵长类动物分布的 30%，71% 的灵长类动物栖息在这些土地上。随着他们在这些土地上的范围增加，灵长类物种不太可能被归类为受威胁物种或数量减少。保护土著人民的土地、语言和文化是我们防止世界灵长类动物灭绝的最大机会。