Perceived parental criticism is an important measure of the family emotional environment, linked to a variety of psychological difficulties in emerging adults (EAs) and traditionally assessed at a single timepoint. Our study is the first to examine perceived parental criticism as a dynamic construct that fluctuates and interacts with emerging adult (EA) affect across daily life. EAs (N = 141; ages 18-22; Mage = 19.94, 84.5% women) completed a measure of baseline depression symptoms and daily assessments of perceived parental criticism, anger, anxiety, shame, sadness, and happiness across 30 days. Within-person results revealed that previous day perceived parental criticism predicted subsequent day EA anger (but not vice versa). This cross-lagged association only emerged for anger and not other emotions. Additionally, depression moderated this association, with higher depression symptoms increasing the strength of the association. Between-person results revealed that parental criticism was positively associated with mean/trait anger, anxiety, shame, sadness, but not happiness, as well as affect reactivity (innovation variance) for anger. Associations with affect inertia were not significant. Together, these findings suggest parental criticism is more strongly related to negative than positive emotions, is proximally associated with anger in particular, especially among EAs with increased depression, and may be related to aspects of emotion dysregulation. Family interventions aiming to target negative emotionality in EAs should focus on mitigating criticism or educating parents on the importance of considering psychological health such as depression symptomology when providing critical feedback to minimize heightened negative affect or decrease the likelihood of emotional dysfunction in EAs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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父母批评的动态和新兴的成人情绪功能：与抑郁症的关联。

感知到的父母批评是家庭情绪环境的重要衡量标准，与新兴成年人 (EA) 的各种心理困难有关，传统上在单个时间点进行评估。我们的研究首次将感知到的父母批评作为一种动态结构进行检查，这种动态结构在日常生活中与新兴成人 (EA) 影响发生波动和相互作用。EA（N = 141；18-22 岁；Mage = 19.94，84.5% 为女性）在 30 天内完成了基线抑郁症状测量和对父母批评、愤怒、焦虑、羞耻、悲伤和快乐的日常评估。个人内部结果显示，前一天感知到的父母批评预示着第二天 EA 的愤怒（但反之亦然）。这种交叉滞后的联想只针对愤怒而不是其他情绪出现。此外，抑郁缓和了这种关联，抑郁症状越严重，关联的强度就越大。人与人之间的结果表明，父母的批评​​与平均/特质愤怒、焦虑、羞耻、悲伤呈正相关，但与幸福无关，并且会影响愤怒的反应性（创新方差）。与影响惯性的关联并不显着。总之，这些发现表明父母的批评​​与消极情绪的关系比积极情绪更强烈，尤其是与愤怒密切相关，尤其是在抑郁症增加的 EAs 中，并且可能与情绪失调的各个方面有关。旨在针对 EA 中的负面情绪的家庭干预措施应侧重于减轻批评或教育父母在提供关键反馈时考虑心理健康（例如抑郁症症状）的重要性，以最大限度地减少 EA 中负面影响的加剧或降低情绪功能障碍的可能性。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。