BACKGROUND Advocates for a regulated system to facilitate kidney donation between unrelated donor-recipient pairs argue that monetary compensation encourages people to donate vital organs that save the lives of patients with end-stage organ failure. Scholars support compensating donors as a form of reciprocity. This study aims to assess the compensation system for the unrelated kidney donation program in the Islamic Republic of Iran, with a particular focus on the implications of Islam on organ donation and organ sales. METHODS This study reviews secondary documents for philosophical argumentation and ethical analysis of human organ donation and sale for transplantation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION According to Islamic law, organ donation is an act of sadaqatul jariyah, and individuals are permitted to donate organs with the intention of saving lives. The commercialization of humans as organ sellers and buyers is contrary to the Islamic legal maxim eethaar, undermining donors of 'selfless' or 'altruistic' motivations. Such an act should be considered immoral, and the practice should not be introduced into other countries for the sake of protecting human dignity, integrity, solidarity, and respect. I, therefore, argue that Iran's unrelated kidney donation program not only disregards the position of the Islamic religion with respect to the provision or receipt of monetary benefits for human kidneys for transplantation but that it also misinterprets the Islamic legal proscription of the sale of human organs. I also argue that the implementation of Iran's unrelated kidney donor transplantation program is unethical and immoral in that potential donors and recipients engage in a bargaining process akin to that which sellers and buyers regularly face in regulated commodity exchange markets. Conversely, I suggest that a modest fixed monetary remuneration as a gift be provided to a donor as a reward for their altruistic organ donation, which is permissible by Islamic scholars. This may remove the need to bargain for increased or decreased values of payment in exchange for the organ, as well as the transactional nature of 'buyer and seller', ensuring the philosophy of 'donor and recipient' is maintained. CONCLUSIONS Offering a fixed modest monetary incentive to organ donors would serve to increase organ supply while protecting donors' health and reducing human suffering without legalizing the human organ trade.

中文翻译：

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有偿肾脏捐赠计划如何促进受监管市场中人体器官的销售：伊斯兰教对器官捐赠和销售的影响。

背景 提倡规范系统以促进不相关的供受者对之间的肾脏捐赠认为，金钱补偿鼓励人们捐赠重要器官，从而挽救终末期器官衰竭患者的生命。学者们支持将补偿捐助者作为一种互惠形式。本研究旨在评估伊朗伊斯兰共和国无关肾脏捐赠计划的补偿制度，特别关注伊斯兰教对器官捐赠和器官销售的影响。方法 本研究回顾了用于移植的人体器官捐赠和出售的哲学论证和伦理分析的辅助文件。结果与讨论 根据伊斯兰法律，器官捐献是 sadaqatul jariyah 的行为，个人被允许捐献器官以挽救生命。将人类商业化为器官买卖者与伊斯兰法律格言 eethaar 背道而驰，破坏了捐赠者的“无私”或“利他”动机。这种行为应该被认为是不道德的，不应为了保护人的尊严、完整性、团结和尊重而将这种做法引入其他国家。因此，我认为，伊朗的无关肾脏捐赠计划不仅无视伊斯兰宗教在提供或接受用于移植人体肾脏的金钱利益方面的立场，而且还误解了伊斯兰法律禁止出售人体器官. 我还认为，伊朗的实施 不相关的肾脏捐赠者移植计划是不道德和不道德的，因为潜在的捐赠者和接受者参与了类似于买卖双方在受监管的商品交易市场上经常面临的讨价还价过程。相反，我建议向捐赠者提供适度的固定货币报酬作为礼物，作为对他们无私器官捐赠的奖励，这是伊斯兰学者允许的。这可能消除了为换取器官而增加或减少付款价值的谈判需要，以及“买卖双方”的交易性质，确保维持“捐赠者和接受者”的理念。结论 向器官捐赠者提供固定的适度货币激励将有助于增加器官供应，同时保护捐赠者的