Background

Nociceptive pain modulation is related to psychological and psychiatric conditions. Evidence from clinical studies backs innate temperaments as potential precursors of mood symptoms and disorders, and pain sensitivity. Our study examines the modulation effect of affective temperaments on pain sensitivity in a general population adult sample, accounting for possible intervening mood symptoms, lifetime anxiety and depression, and pain treatments.

Methods

The sample is part of the CHRIS-AD study, Italy. Primary outcomes were the pain sensitivity questionnaire PSQ-total intensity score and the experimental pressure pain threshold (PPT). Affective temperaments were evaluated with the TEMPS-M. Lifetime depression, anxiety, current mood disorders, and treatments were self-reported via rating-scales. Directed acyclic graphs theory guided linear and mixed linear regression model analyses.

Results

Among 3804 participants (aged 18–65; response rate 78.4 %, females 53.3 %, mean age 38.4 years) for any given temperament, both the PSQ-total and the PPT were associated with temperament. The TEMPS-M four cyclothymic-related temperaments aligned on the pain-sensitive pole and the hyperthymic on the pain-resilient pole. The inclusion of current or lifetime mood symptoms, or pain drug use, as possible intervening pathways only partly diluted these associations, with stronger evidence for an effect of trait anxiety.

Limitations

The main limitations were the lack of experimental measures of suprathreshold pain intensity perception, and detailed information on affective disorders in the study population.

Conclusions

These findings support the hypothesis of a biological dichotomous diathesis of affective temperaments towards pain sensitivity; hyperthymic suggesting protection, whereas cyclothymic suggesting predisposition.

中文翻译：

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疼痛敏感性受情感气质的调节：基于人群的 CHRIS 情感障碍 (CHRIS-AD) 研究的结果

背景

伤害性疼痛调节与心理和精神状况有关。临床研究的证据支持先天气质是情绪症状和障碍以及疼痛敏感性的潜在前兆。我们的研究检查了一般人群成人样本中情感气质对疼痛敏感性的调节作用，考虑了可能的干预情绪症状、终生焦虑和抑郁以及疼痛治疗。

方法

该样本是意大利 CHRIS-AD 研究的一部分。主要结果是疼痛敏感性问卷 PSQ-总强度评分和实验压力疼痛阈值 (PPT)。用 TEMPS-M 评估情感气质。通过评定量表自我报告终生抑郁、焦虑、当前情绪障碍和治疗。有向无环图理论引导线性和混合线性回归模型分析。

结果

在任何给定气质的 3804 名参与者（年龄 18-65 岁；响应率为 78.4 %，女性 53.3 %，平均年龄 38.4 岁）中，PSQ-total 和 PPT 都与气质相关。TEMPS-M 四个与循环相关的气质在疼痛敏感极上对齐，在疼痛弹性极上对齐。将当前或终生的情绪症状或疼痛药物使用作为可能的干预途径仅部分地淡化了这些关联，更有力的证据表明特质焦虑的影响。

限制

主要限制是缺乏阈上疼痛强度感知的实验测量，以及研究人群中情感障碍的详细信息。

结论

这些发现支持了情感气质对疼痛敏感性的生物学二分体素质的假设。hyperthymic 暗示保护，而 cyclothymic 暗示易感性。