Cracking of cement-based materials is a critical problem that inhibits the safe operation of structures. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol fibers were used as raw materials to prepare superabsorbent fibers by surface hydrophilic modification. The physical and chemical properties, such as super water absorption and high water retention, of the modified fibers were investigated, and their water absorption mechanism was analysed by conducting a microstructure test. The superabsorbent fiber was selected by comparing the water absorption and retention rates, and was added to cement-based materials to achieve self-healing of cracks. The microscopic mechanism of the effect of the superabsorbent fiber on the self-healing performance of cement-based materials was systematically analysed, confirming the potential of the superabsorbent fibers to realise the self-healing of cement-based materials. Owing to the favourable self-healing performance of superabsorbent fibers, it has broad prospects in civil engineering.

水泥基材料的开裂是阻碍结构安全运行的关键问题。本研究以聚乙烯醇纤维为原料制备高吸水纤维表面亲水改性。研究了改性纤维的超吸水性和高保水性等物理化学性能，并通过微观结构测试分析了其吸水机理。通过比较吸水率和保水率选择高吸水纤维，添加到水泥基材料中，实现裂缝的自愈。系统分析了高吸水纤维对水泥基材料自修复性能影响的微观机理，证实了高吸水纤维实现水泥基材料自修复的潜力。由于高吸水纤维具有良好的自愈性能，在土木工程中具有广阔的前景。