Zr co-doped TiO₂:Ag nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and the influence of Zr co-dopant with varying content on the structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of TiO₂:Ag photocatalysts was investigated. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the anatase-rutile mixed phase of TiO₂ and Zr content eased the anatase-rutile phase transformation. X-ray diffraction peak shift with Zr content indicated the substitutional doping of Zr⁴⁺ ions into TiO₂ lattice. The optical properties of the nanoparticles were investigated with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Zr dopants induced the Burstein-Moss effect, resulting in the broader bandgap and photoluminescence shift. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was utilized to reveal the surface chemical environment of the Zr co-doped TiO₂:Ag nanoparticles and found the presence of Zr⁴⁺ ions on the photocatalyst surface, which act as electron traps. The dependence of operational parameters such as photocatalytic load, dye concentration and pH on Zr co-doped TiO₂:Ag nanocatalyst was also monitored. The photocatalysts demonstrate improved photocatalytic activity toward methylene blue degradation with maximum efficiency achieved by the photocatalyst having the highest Zr content. 20 mg and 10.35 μM were found to be the optimum values for photocatalytic load and initial methylene blue concentration, respectively. Further, at alkaline pH, complete decolorization of the reaction mixture was observed in only 60 minutes with 92.6% efficiency by highest co-doped photocatalyst. The effect of Zr content on degradation rate with different parameters was also explored with a possible mechanism to understand the effect of dopants on photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts.

采用共沉淀法合成了Zr共掺杂TiO _{2 :Ag纳米粒子，研究了不同含量的Zr共掺杂剂对TiO 2} :Ag光催化剂的结构、光学和光催化性能的影响。X射线衍射和拉曼光谱证实了TiO ₂的锐钛矿-金红石混合相， Zr含量缓和了锐钛矿-金红石的相变。X 射线衍射峰随 Zr 含量的变化表明 Zr ⁴⁺离子替代掺杂到 TiO _2中格子。用漫反射光谱、光致发光和傅里叶变换红外光谱研究了纳米粒子的光学性质。Zr 掺杂剂引起 Burstein-Moss 效应，导致更宽的带隙和光致发光位移。X射线光电子能谱用于揭示Zr共掺杂TiO ₂ :Ag纳米粒子的表面化学环境，发现光催化剂表面存在Zr ⁴⁺离子，充当电子陷阱。光催化负载、染料浓度和pH等操作参数对Zr共掺杂TiO _{2的依赖性}:Ag 纳米催化剂也被监测。光催化剂表现出对亚甲基蓝降解的改进的光催化活性，具有最高Zr含量的光催化剂实现了最大效率。发现20  mg 和 10.35  μM 分别是光催化负载和初始亚甲蓝浓度的最佳值。此外，在碱性 pH 值下，仅用 60 分钟就观察到反应混合物完全脱色， 最高共掺杂光催化剂的脱色效率为 92.6%。还探讨了不同参数下 Zr 含量对降解速率的影响，并探讨了一种可能的机制，以了解掺杂剂对光催化剂光催化活性的影响。