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Mitochondrial and redox modifications in early stages of Huntington's disease
Redox Biology ( IF 10.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-10 , DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102424
Carla Lopes 1 , I Luísa Ferreira 1 , Carina Maranga 2 , Margarida Beatriz 2 , Sandra I Mota 1 , José Sereno 3 , João Castelhano 3 , Antero Abrunhosa 3 , Francisco Oliveira 3 , Maura De Rosa 2 , Michael Hayden 4 , Mário N Laço 5 , Cristina Januário 6 , Miguel Castelo Branco 7 , A Cristina Rego 8
Affiliation  

Deficits in mitochondrial function and redox deregulation have been attributed to Huntington's disease (HD), a genetic neurodegenerative disorder largely affecting the striatum. However, whether these changes occur in early stages of the disease and can be detected is still unclear. In the present study, we analysed changes in mitochondrial function and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at early stages and with disease progression. Studies were performed in human brain by PET using [Cu]-ATSM and in human skin fibroblasts of premanifest and prodromal (Pre-M) and manifest HD carriers. brain [Cu]-ATSM PET in YAC128 transgenic mouse and striatal and cortical isolated mitochondria were assessed at presymptomatic (3 month-old, mo) and symptomatic (6–12 mo) stages. Pre-M HD carriers exhibited enhanced whole-brain (with exception of caudate) [Cu]-ATSM labelling, correlating with CAG repeat number. Fibroblasts from Pre-M showed enhanced basal and maximal respiration, proton leak and increased hydrogen peroxide (HO) levels, later progressing in manifest HD. Mitochondria from fibroblasts of Pre-M HD carriers also showed reduced circularity, while higher number of mitochondrial DNA copies correlated with maximal respiratory capacity. animal PET analysis showed increased accumulation of [Cu]-ATSM in YAC128 mouse striatum. YAC128 mouse (at 3 months) striatal isolated mitochondria exhibited a rise in basal and maximal mitochondrial respiration and in ATP production, and increased complex II and III activities. YAC128 mouse striatal mitochondria also showed enhanced mitochondrial HO levels and circularity, revealed by brain ultrastructure analysis, and defects in Ca handling, supporting increased striatal susceptibility. Data demonstrate both human and mouse mitochondrial overactivity and altered morphology at early HD stages, facilitating redox unbalance, the latter progressing with manifest disease.

中文翻译:

亨廷顿病早期阶段的线粒体和氧化还原修饰

线粒体功能缺陷和氧化还原失调被归因于亨廷顿病(HD),这是一种主要影响纹状体的遗传性神经退行性疾病。然而,这些变化是否发生在疾病的早期阶段并且可以被检测到仍不清楚。在本研究中,我们分析了早期阶段和疾病进展过程中线粒体功能和活性氧(ROS)产生的变化。使用 [Cu]-ATSM 通过 PET 在人脑中以及在显性前期和前驱期 (Pre-M) 以及显性 HD 携带者的人皮肤成纤维细胞中进行了研究。在症状前(3个月大,一个月)和症状期间(6-12个月)阶段对YAC128转基因小鼠的脑部[Cu]-ATSM PET以及纹状体和皮质分离线粒体进行评估。 Pre-M HD 携带者表现出增强的全脑(尾状核除外)[Cu]-ATSM 标记,与 CAG 重复次数相关。 Pre-M 的成纤维细胞表现出基础呼吸和最大呼吸增强、质子泄漏和过氧化氢 (H2O) 水平增加,随后进展为明显的 HD。 Pre-M HD 携带者成纤维细胞的线粒体也显示出循环度降低,而线粒体 DNA 拷贝数较高与最大呼吸能力相关。动物 PET 分析显示 YAC128 小鼠纹状体中 [Cu]-ATSM 的积累增加。 YAC128 小鼠(3 个月时)纹状体分离线粒体表现出基础和最大线粒体呼吸以及 ATP 产生的增加,以及复合物 II 和 III 活性的增加。大脑超微结构分析显示,YAC128 小鼠纹状体线粒体还显示线粒体 H2O2 水平和循环度增强,以及 Ca 处理缺陷,支持纹状体敏感性增加。数据表明,人类和小鼠线粒体在 HD 早期阶段过度活跃并改变形态,促进氧化还原失衡,后者随着明显的疾病而进展。
更新日期:2022-08-10
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