In this paper, we examine the nature and limits of violence by way of a comparison of the physical violence and online violation, in terms of their form, structure and effects. We explore similarities and dissimilarities in what precedes the event, perpetrator intentions and motivations, the forms and types of violence, the medium through which they are delivered, who they are directed towards, the technologies and processes deployed, and their impacts. We argue that it is problematic to restrict the concept of ‘violence’ to intended physical acts that cause harm, because non-physical, psychological, emotional and other forms of non-(directly)physical violence may be equally or even more impactful. Our discussion draws, illustratively, on research, including our own, on both ‘domestic violence’ and ‘revenge pornography’, with the latter an example of the growing numbers of relatively new forms of representational and psychological forms of violence. These are important political, policy and practical concerns, not only with the spread of violence, abuse and violation with and through digital technologies, but also as examples of differing ways in which these can be, and are, constructed, within academic, policy and popular media debates.

在本文中，我们通过比较身体暴力和网络暴力的形式、结构和效果来检验暴力的性质和限度。我们探讨事件发生前的相似点和不同点、犯罪者的意图和动机、暴力的形式和类型、传递它们的媒介、针对谁、部署的技术和流程以及它们的影响。我们认为，将“暴力”的概念限制在造成伤害的预期身体行为是有问题的，因为非身体、心理、情感和其他形式的非（直接）身体暴力可能同样甚至更具影响力。说明性地，我们的讨论借鉴了包括我们自己在内的关于“家庭暴力”和“报复色情”的研究，后者是越来越多的相对较新的暴力形式和心理形式的例子。这些都是重要的政治、政策和实际问题，不仅涉及使用和通过数字技术传播的暴力、虐待和侵犯行为，而且还作为在学术、政策和大众媒体辩论。