The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased significantly over the past two decades. NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and predisposes to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The importance of the immune system in hepatic physiology and in the progression of NAFLD is increasingly recognized. At homeostasis, the liver participates in immune defense against pathogens and in tolerance of gut-derived microbial compounds. Hepatic immune cells also respond to metabolic stimuli and have a role in NAFLD progression to NASH. In this review, we discuss how metabolic perturbations affect immune cell phenotype and function in NAFL and NASH, and then focus on the role of immune cells in liver homeostasis and in the development of NASH.

在过去的二十年中，非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）的发病率显着增加。NAFLD 范围从单纯性脂肪变性 (NAFL) 到非酒精性脂肪性肝炎 (NASH)，并易患纤维化和肝细胞癌 (HCC)。免疫系统在肝脏生理学和 NAFLD 进展中的重要性日益得到认可。在稳态下，肝脏参与对病原体的免疫防御和对肠道衍生微生物化合物的耐受。肝免疫细胞也对代谢刺激有反应，并在 NAFLD 进展为 NASH 中起作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了代谢扰动如何影响 NAFL 和 NASH 中的免疫细胞表型和功能，然后重点关注免疫细胞在肝脏稳态和 NASH 发展中的作用。