Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is primarily associated with administering antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drugs. Despite significant research on MRONJ, its pathogenesis and effective treatments are still not fully understood. Animal models can be used to simulate the pathophysiological features of MRONJ, serving as standardized in vivo experimental platforms to explore the pathogenesis and therapies of MRONJ. Rodent models exhibit excellent effectiveness and high reproducibility in mimicking human MRONJ, but classical methods cannot achieve a complete replica of the pathogenesis of MRONJ. Modified rodent models have been reported with improvements for better mimicking of MRONJ onset in clinic. This review summarizes representative classical and modified rodent models of MRONJ created through various combinations of systemic drug induction and local stimulation and discusses their effectiveness and efficiency. Currently, there is a lack of a unified assessment system for MRONJ models, which hinders a standard definition of MRONJ-like lesions in rodents. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes assessment systems based on published peer-review articles, including new approaches in gross observation, histological assessments, radiographic assessments, and serological assessments. This review can serve as a reference for model establishment and evaluation in future preclinical studies on MRONJ.

药物相关的颌骨坏死 (MRONJ) 主要与施用抗再吸收或抗血管生成药物有关。尽管对 MRONJ 进行了大量研究，但其发病机制和有效治疗方法仍不完全清楚。动物模型可用于模拟MRONJ的病理生理特征，作为标准化的体内实验平台，探索MRONJ的发病机制和治疗方法。啮齿动物模型在模拟人类 MRONJ 方面表现出优异的有效性和高重复性，但经典方法无法完全复制 MRONJ 的发病机制。据报道，改进的啮齿动物模型在临床上可以更好地模拟 MRONJ 的发作。本综述总结了通过全身药物诱导和局部刺激的各种组合创建的具有代表性的经典和改良的 MRONJ 啮齿动物模型，并讨论了它们的有效性和效率。目前，MRONJ 模型缺乏统一的评估系统，这阻碍了啮齿动物 MRONJ 样病变的标准定义。因此，本综述基于已发表的同行评议文章，全面总结了评估系统，包括大体观察、组织学评估、放射学评估和血清学评估的新方法。本综述可为未来 MRONJ 临床前研究的模型建立和评估提供参考。MRONJ模型缺乏统一的评估系统，这阻碍了啮齿动物MRONJ样病变的标准定义。因此，本综述基于已发表的同行评议文章，全面总结了评估系统，包括大体观察、组织学评估、放射学评估和血清学评估的新方法。本综述可为未来 MRONJ 临床前研究的模型建立和评估提供参考。MRONJ模型缺乏统一的评估系统，这阻碍了啮齿动物MRONJ样病变的标准定义。因此，本综述基于已发表的同行评议文章，全面总结了评估系统，包括大体观察、组织学评估、放射学评估和血清学评估的新方法。本综述可为未来 MRONJ 临床前研究的模型建立和评估提供参考。