The sudden eruption of the Tonga underwater volcano (20.53°S, 175.38°W) on 15 January 2022 generated explosions that triggered blast waves traveling away from the eruption. In this study, the analysis of the geomagnetic field observations on the ground shows that the eruption perturbed the E-region current density by 22–55 mA/m within a radius of 8,000 km away from the eruption. The perturbation evolved into large scales of ∼5 hr and thousands of kilometers as it traveled away. The traveling speed of the leading front is ∼740 m/s that is near acoustic in the ionosphere. The magnetic fields and total electron content observations suggest that the dynamics changes further induced significant ionospheric disturbances that lasted ∼10 hr after the eruption. The examination of the Tonga volcanic eruption inspires us that a near-surface perturbation can change the dynamics of the upper atmosphere.

中文翻译：

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2022 年 1 月 15 日汤加水下火山的爆炸性喷发调节了电离层 E 区电流

汤加水下火山（20.53°S，175.38°W）于 2022 年 1 月 15 日突然喷发，引发爆炸，引发了远离喷发的冲击波。在这项研究中，对地面地磁场观测的分析表明，喷发扰动了E- 距离喷发 8,000 公里半径范围内的区域电流密度为 22–55 mA/m。当它远离时，扰动演变成~5小时和数千公里的大尺度。前锋的行进速度约为 740 m/s，在电离层中接近声波。磁场和总电子含量观察表明，动力学变化进一步引起了喷发后持续约 10 小时的显着电离层扰动。汤加火山喷发的研究启发我们，近地表扰动可以改变高层大气的动态。