Although MXene sheets possess high electrical conductivity and rich surface chemistry and are well suitable for fabricating electrically conductive nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications, it remains challenging for MXene nanocomposites to achieve tunable EMI shielding performances and customized geometries. Herein, an aqueous MXene/sodium alginate ink is developed to print aerogel meshes with customized geometries using a direct ink writing approach. An ion-enhanced strategy is proposed to reinforce the printed aerogel meshes by multi-level cross-linking. The resultant 3D-printed aerogel mesh exhibits an ultrahigh electrical conductivity of 2.85 × 10³ S m⁻¹, outstanding mechanical properties, and excellent structural stability in wet environment. More importantly, a wide range of tunable EMI shielding efficiencies from 45 to 100 dB is achieved by the structural design of the 3D printed ion-enhanced MXene/sodium alginate aerogel meshes. As a Joule heater, in addition, the printed aerogel meshes can achieve a wide temperature range of 40-135°C at low driving voltages. This work demonstrates a direct ink writing approach for the fabrication of ion-enhanced MXene/sodium alginate aerogel meshes with tunable EMI shielding properties and multi-functionalities for applications in various scenarios.

尽管 MXene 片材具有高导电性和丰富的表面化学成分，并且非常适合制造用于电磁干扰 (EMI) 屏蔽应用的导电纳米复合材料，但对于 MXene 纳米复合材料来说，实现可调节的 EMI 屏蔽性能和定制几何形状仍然具有挑战性。在此，开发了一种水性 MXene/海藻酸钠墨水，以使用直接墨水书写方法打印具有定制几何形状的气凝胶网格。提出了一种离子增强策略，通过多级交联来增强打印的气凝胶网格。^{生成的 3D 打印气凝胶网具有 2.85 × 10 3} S m ^-1的超高电导率，优异的机械性能，以及在潮湿环境中优异的结构稳定性。更重要的是，通过 3D 打印离子增强型 MXene/海藻酸钠气凝胶网的结构设计，可实现从 45 到 100 dB 的各种可调 EMI 屏蔽效率。此外，作为焦耳加热器，印刷的气凝胶网可以在低驱动电压下实现 40-135°C 的宽温度范围。这项工作展示了一种直接墨水书写方法，用于制造离子增强型 MXene/海藻酸钠气凝胶网格，具有可调节的 EMI 屏蔽特性和多功能性，适用于各种场景。