Developing feasible techniques to recover phosphorous (P) from wastewater and sewage sludge is urgent work to meet the huge demand for P resources and wastewater/sludge management. Recently, recovering P as value-added vivianite (Fe₃(PO₄)₂·8H₂O) has aroused great interest due to the convenient process operation, high recovery efficiency, and wide applications of vivianite. In this review, qualitative and quantitative detection methods of vivianite have been first analyzed, providing reference to test vivianite content and purity. Advanced technologies for P enrichment and vivianite production, including ion exchange, electrodialysis, capacitive de-ionization, membrane bioreactor, anaerobic fermentation, chemical precipitation, electrochemical crystallization, biomineralization, and anaerobic digestion are then comprehensively summarized. Mechanisms and representative applications of each technique are emphasized. Also, critical parameters (e.g., pH, Fe/P molar ratio, sulfate concentration, microorganisms, supersaturation index, organic matters, and seed crystals) affecting vivianite formation have been systematically analyzed. Furthermore, perspectives regarding fast detection of vivianite, strategies optimization, seed application, and vivianite commercialization have been proposed to guide the development of next-generation techniques for P recovery. This review is expected to provide fundamental insights into cleaner technologies synchronous recovering waste P and producing valued vivianite, as well as to stimulate future studies on circular economy-driven wastewater management.

开发可行的技术从废水和污水污泥中回收磷 (P) 是满足对 P 资源和废水/污泥管理的巨大需求的紧迫工作。近年来，以蓝铜矿(Fe ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ ·8H ₂ O)的形式回收P，由于其工艺操作方便、回收效率高、应用广泛，引起了人们的极大兴趣。本综述首先分析了蓝矿的定性和定量检测方法，为检测蓝矿含量和纯度提供参考。先进的富磷技术和蓝铜矿生产技术，包括离子交换、电渗析、电容去离子、膜生物反应器、厌氧发酵、化学沉淀、电化学结晶、生物矿化、厌氧消化。强调了每种技术的机制和代表性应用。此外，还系统地分析了影响蓝铜矿形成的关键参数（例如，pH、Fe/P 摩尔比、硫酸盐浓度、微生物、过饱和指数、有机物和晶种）。此外，关于快速检测蓝铜矿、策略优化的观点、种子应用和蓝铜矿商业化已被提出来指导下一代磷回收技术的发展。这篇综述有望为同步回收废物 P 和生产有价值的 Viianite 的清洁技术提供基本见解，并促进未来对循环经济驱动的废水管理的研究。