The sulphurous mineral waters of ‘Entre-os-Rios’, which is sited in NW Portugal, are famous for their long history as thermal baths dating back at least to the mid-sixteenth century. Because of the singularity of its water composition, especially the highest sulphur content, the mineral waters of ‘Entre-os-Rios’ are one of the most important sulphurous waters in Portugal. Despite these mineral waters having a protection perimeter buffer zone to avoid water contamination, there are potentially damaging installations (e.g., fuel station) in the closed protection buffer zone that, according to existing law, are not permitted within the protection perimeters, which defeats the purpose of their delineation. A vulnerability map was created using geographic information system (GIS) tools based on multi-criteria analysis, combining thematic maps and parameters of the DRASTIC index, for evaluating the risk of contamination in the protection area. The results showed that within the perimeter, there was a low risk of pollution. The alluvium-covered terrain was vulnerable to moderate contamination, but it was far from the catchment point. Areas of minimal risk corresponded to locations where the granitic massif had not been significantly weathered. The map enables information collection for a better definition of local resource structures and planning, namely, for restricted areas emplacement where some activities should not be allowed (e.g., agriculture and water prospection), given its influence on the confined granitic aquifer.

中文翻译：

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基于 DRASTIC Index GIS 的 Entre-os-Rios 热含水层漏洞图

位于葡萄牙西北部的“Entre-os-Rios”的硫磺矿泉水以其悠久的历史而闻名，至少可以追溯到 16 世纪中叶。由于其水成分的独特性，尤其是硫含量最高，'Entre-os-Rios'的矿泉水是葡萄牙最重要的含硫水域之一。尽管这些矿泉水有一个保护周边缓冲区以避免水污染，但在封闭的保护缓冲区中存在潜在的破坏性设施（例如加油站），根据现行法律，这些设施是不允许在保护周边内的，这违反了他们划定的目的。使用基于多标准分析的地理信息系统 (GIS) 工具创建漏洞图，结合 DRASTIC 指数的专题图和参数，用于评估保护区内的污染风险。结果表明，在周边范围内，污染风险较低。冲积层覆盖的地形容易受到中度污染，但距离集水点很远。风险最小的区域对应于花岗质地块没有被显着风化的位置。该地图能够收集信息，以便更好地定义当地资源结构和规划，即，考虑到其对承压花岗岩含水层的影响，不应允许某些活动（例如农业和水资源勘探）的受限区域就位。污染风险低。冲积层覆盖的地形容易受到中度污染，但距离集水点很远。风险最小的区域对应于花岗质地块没有被显着风化的位置。该地图能够收集信息，以便更好地定义当地资源结构和规划，即，考虑到其对承压花岗岩含水层的影响，不应允许某些活动（例如农业和水资源勘探）的受限区域就位。污染风险低。冲积层覆盖的地形容易受到中度污染，但距离集水点很远。风险最小的区域对应于花岗质地块没有被显着风化的位置。该地图能够收集信息，以便更好地定义当地资源结构和规划，即，考虑到其对承压花岗岩含水层的影响，不应允许某些活动（例如农业和水资源勘探）的受限区域就位。