In metazoans, cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) drives the development, functioning, and repair of different tissues, organs, and systems. Disruption or dysregulation of cell-to-ECM adhesion promote the initiation and progression of several diseases, such as bleeding, immune disorders and cancer. Integrins are major ECM transmembrane receptors, whose function depends on both allosteric changes and exo-endocytic traffic, which carries them to and from the plasma membrane. In apico-basally polarized cells, asymmetric adhesion to the ECM is maintained by continuous targeting of the plasma membrane by vesicles coming from the trans Golgi network and carrying ECM proteins. Active integrin-bound ECM is indeed endocytosed and replaced by the exocytosis of fresh ECM. Such vesicular traffic is finely driven by the teamwork of microtubules (MTs) and their associated kinesin and dynein motors. Here, we review the main cytoskeletal actors involved in the control of the spatiotemporal distribution of active integrins and their ECM ligands, highlighting the key role of the synchronous (ant)agonistic cooperation between MT motors transporting vesicular cargoes, in the same or in opposite direction, in the regulation of traffic logistics, and the establishment of epithelial and endothelial cell polarity.

在后生动物中，细胞与细胞外基质 (ECM) 的粘附驱动着不同组织、器官和系统的发育、功能和修复。细胞与 ECM 粘附的破坏或失调会促进多种疾病的发生和发展，例如出血、免疫紊乱和癌症。整合素是主要的 ECM 跨膜受体，其功能取决于变构变化和外吞运输，将它们运载到质膜和运出质膜。在 apico-basally 极化细胞中，通过来自反式的囊泡连续靶向质膜来维持对 ECM 的不对称粘附高尔基体网络和携带 ECM 蛋白。活性整合素结合的 ECM 确实被内吞并被新鲜 ECM 的胞吐作用所取代。这种囊泡交通是由微管 (MT) 及其相关的驱动蛋白和动力蛋白马达的团队合作精细驱动的。在这里，我们回顾了参与控制活性整合素及其 ECM 配体时空分布的主要细胞骨架参与者，强调了 MT 马达在相同或相反方向上运输囊泡货物的同步（对抗）激动合作的关键作用，在交通物流的调节，以及上皮细胞和内皮细胞极性的建立。