Blockchain is a technology with decentralization and immutability features and has been employed for auditing by many applications. However, immutability sometimes limits the application of blockchain technology. For example, vulnerable smart contracts on blockchain cannot be redacted due to immutability. The existing redactable blockchain solutions either have a low efficiency or violate the decentralization feature. Moreover, those solutions lack mechanisms for tracing redaction history and checking block consistency. In this paper, we present an efficient redactable blockchain with traceability in the decentralized setting. Specifically, we propose a decentralized chameleon hash function for redactable blockchain that every redaction must be approved by multiple blockchain nodes. We also design a redactable blockchain structure that maintains all redactions of a block and encodes the redacted blocks into an RSA accumulator. Then, we propose an efficient block consistency check protocol based on the RSA accumulator. Finally, we conduct experiments and compare our scheme with another decentralized redactable blockchain to demonstrate that our solution is efficient in practice.

中文翻译：

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来自去中心化 Chameleon 哈希函数的可编辑区块链


区块链是一种具有去中心化和不变性特点的技术，已被许多应用程序用于审计。然而，不变性有时会限制区块链技术的应用。例如，区块链上易受攻击的智能合约由于不变性而无法被编辑。现有的可编辑区块链解决方案要么效率低下，要么违反去中心化特性。此外，这些解决方案缺乏跟踪编辑历史和检查块一致性的机制。在本文中，我们提出了一种在去中心化环境中具有可追溯性的高效可编辑区块链。具体来说，我们为可编辑区块链提出了一种去中心化的变色龙哈希函数，每个编辑都必须得到多个区块链节点的批准。我们还设计了一个可编辑的区块链结构，该结构维护块的所有编辑并将编辑的块编码到 RSA 累加器中。然后，我们提出了一种基于 RSA 累加器的高效块一致性检查协议。最后，我们进行实验并将我们的方案与另一个去中心化的可编辑区块链进行比较，以证明我们的解决方案在实践中是有效的。