Radio frequency coaxial connectors are key components in circuits for signal transmission and directly influence the stability of communication systems. It is well known that connectors operating in harsh environments for extended periods are subject to physical degradation, which may lead to deterioration of signal integrity and overall communication quality. However, little work has been done with regard to connector dielectric degradation in humid environments. In this current work, the specific effects of connector dielectric degradation in humid environments on signal transmission are studied by theoretical and experimental analysis. Both a 3-D electromagnetic field model and an equivalent circuit model for connectors before and after degradation are developed in order to evaluate signal reflection and transmission loss. The results of these two models are compared and show good agreement. In addition, based on the material properties of the connector dielectric, the equivalent dielectric layer of a degraded connector is considered to consist of a double-layer dielectric structure composed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and a layer of water film. The equivalent dielectric constant and equivalent loss tangent of the double-layer dielectric structure are calculated and analyzed. A corresponding equivalent circuit is developed consisting of an impedance network with resistance and capacitance elements in parallel. Experiment tests are conducted to validate the electromagnetic field model and the circuit model results. The results of this research provide a better understanding of the electrical characteristics of degraded connectors in humid environments and theoretical support for engineering applications.

中文翻译：

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潮湿环境中介电层退化的同轴连接器的信号传输建模


射频同轴连接器是信号传输电路中的关键器件，直接影响通信系统的稳定性。众所周知，长时间在恶劣环境中运行的连接器会遭受物理退化，这可能会导致信号完整性和整体通信质量恶化。然而，关于潮湿环境中连接器介电退化的研究还很少。在当前的工作中，通过理论和实验分析研究了潮湿环境中连接器介电退化对信号传输的具体影响。为了评估信号反射和传输损耗，开发了连接器退化前后的 3D 电磁场模型和等效电路模型。比较这两个模型的结果，显示出良好的一致性。此外，根据连接器介质的材料特性，认为退化连接器的等效介质层由聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）和一层水膜组成的双层介质结构组成。计算分析了双层介质结构的等效介电常数和等效损耗角正切。开发了相应的等效电路，由具有并联电阻和电容元件的阻抗网络组成。进行实验测试来验证电磁场模型和电路模型结果。该研究结果为更好地了解潮湿环境中退化连接器的电气特性提供了理论支持，并为工程应用提供了理论支持。