It is relatively well accepted that climate change can affect human pathogenic diseases; however, the full extent of this risk remains poorly quantified. Here we carried out a systematic search for empirical examples about the impacts of ten climatic hazards sensitive to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on each known human pathogenic disease. We found that 58% (that is, 218 out of 375) of infectious diseases confronted by humanity worldwide have been at some point aggravated by climatic hazards; 16% were at times diminished. Empirical cases revealed 1,006 unique pathways in which climatic hazards, via different transmission types, led to pathogenic diseases. The human pathogenic diseases and transmission pathways aggravated by climatic hazards are too numerous for comprehensive societal adaptations, highlighting the urgent need to work at the source of the problem: reducing GHG emissions.

气候变化可以影响人类致病性疾病，这一点已被广泛接受；然而，这种风险的全部程度仍未得到很好的量化。在这里，我们系统地搜索了关于十种对温室气体 (GHG) 排放敏感的气候危害对每种已知人类致病性疾病的影响的经验示例。我们发现，全世界人类面临的传染病中有 58%（即 375 种中的 218 种）在某个时候因气候灾害而加剧；16% 有时会减少。实证案例揭示了 1,006 种独特的途径，其中气候危害通过不同的传播类型导致病原体疾病。气候灾害加剧的人类致病性疾病和传播途径多不胜数，难以进行全面的社会适应，